This study explores the breakdown characteristics and discharge modes in a parallel plate air dielectric barrier discharge system using repetitive nanosecond pulses

with pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) from 0.1 to 100 kHz. It examines how pulse parameters—PRF

pulse number and gas pressure—affect the memory effect

leveraging current and voltage measurements

fast imaging and optical emission spectroscopy. The findings show that higher PRFs lead to a reduction in breakdown voltage well below the streamer breakdown threshold. We argue that this effect may be attributed to the cumulative buildup of metastable species and negative ions in the discharge gap which could sustain free electrons in-between the voltage pulses. Despite observing increased energy deposition with higher PRFs

the impact on filament formation was minimal

highlighting a strong dependence of discharge morphology on the accumulation of plasma-produced species. This research studies provides valuable insights for controlling discharge regimes in applications such as plasma-assisted combustion

surface treatment and air treatment by clarifying the interactions between discharge mechanisms at different PRFs and pressures.