A high-sensitivity cavity ring-down spectroscopy gas detection system with integrated optical components and embedded microprocessor units is presented for the detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and its mixture with nitrogen (N2). The system exploits a periodic laser wavelength modulation to simplify the mode matching. Spectral line profile fitting is used for sample quantitative analysis. To verify the sensitivity and stability of concentration detection

the effect of background gas and temperature on the responses of spectral line broadening and absorption cross-section are investigated. The result deviation caused by variation of background gas can be compensated by the pre-correction of empty cavity ring-down time. It is also found that the implication of temperature on the spectra cannot be ignored. The full width at half maximum and peak value decreased linearly with the increase of temperature

while the baseline is undergoing accelerated growth. Using Allan variance analysis

the limits of detection reach 4.44 × 10−9 in SF6 and 2.96 × 10−9 in N2 with average time of 67 s. This study provides a meaningful approach for the online detection of characteristic gas in gas insulation equipment.