Optimization of Electrode Layout for EIT Detection of Hidden Termite Hazards in Embankments

Hu Sijun; Liu Minglan; Li Mingsu

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Optimization of Electrode Layout for EIT Detection of Hidden Termite Hazards in Embankments

更新时间：2026-09-22

- Optimization of Electrode Layout for EIT Detection of Hidden Termite Hazards in Embankments
- PEARL RIVER Pages: 1-12(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.江西省鄱阳湖水利枢纽建设办公室，江西南昌330009
  2.重庆交通大学河海学院，重庆 400074
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC：
- Received：02 July 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-08-26，
  
  Accepted：01 September 2026，
  
  Online First：22 September 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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胡思军，刘明兰，李明素.堤坝白蚁隐患EIT探测的电极布置优化研究［J］.人民珠江，DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.XXXX.XX.001.

Hu Sijun,Liu Minglan,Li Mingsu.Optimization of Electrode Layout for EIT Detection of Hidden Termite Hazards in Embankments[J].PEARL RIVER,
胡思军，刘明兰，李明素.堤坝白蚁隐患EIT探测的电极布置优化研究［J］.人民珠江，DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.XXXX.XX.001. DOI：

Hu Sijun,Liu Minglan,Li Mingsu.Optimization of Electrode Layout for EIT Detection of Hidden Termite Hazards in Embankments[J].PEARL RIVER, DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235...001.

摘要

土石堤坝中的蚁穴隐蔽性强、危害显著，电阻层析成像（EIT）技术为其无损探测提供了新的思路。电极布置方式直接影响EIT敏感场的覆盖范围与均匀性，进而决定蚁穴结构识别的精度。基于COMSOL-MATLAB联合仿真平台，建立含主巢、蚁道以及候飞室的二维堤坝蚁穴模型，系统对比了6种电极布置方式（S-1至S-6）对蚁穴图像重建质量的影响。采用L1正则化算法进行动态差分成像，并以图像相关系数（ICC）为定量评价指标。结果表明：仅外围或“W”形混合布置（S-1、S-3）的ICC仅约0.53～0.60，无法分辨细部结构；内部均匀及不完全混合布置（S-2、S-4、S-5）的ICC提升至0.62～0.64，但仍伴生伪影或断点；外围与内部完全混合均匀布置（S-6）的ICC达0.772 8，较其他方案提升35%以上，蚁道、主巢与候飞室清晰可辨。研究结论表明，S-6型电极布置方案通过边界电极约束整体电场分布、内部电极强化局部敏感场覆盖，可显著提升蚁穴EIT探测精度，为堤坝蚁穴高精度EIT探测提供了最优电极配置方案。

Abstract

Termite nests in earth-rock embankments are highly concealed and pose severe hazards: the main nest

galleries

and alate chambers can interconnect to form seepage channels

readily inducing piping

sliding

or even dam failure during flood season. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) provides a novel

non-destructive approach for detecting such nests. The electrode layout directly controls the coverage and uniformity of the EIT sensitivity field and thus determines the accuracy of nest-structure identification. In this study

a two-dimensional embankment termite-nest model incorporating the main nest

galleries

and alate chambers was established on a COMSOL-MATLAB co-simulation platform. The model measures 0.6 m × 0.5 m

and the conductivities of the background soil and nest region are set to 0.002 S/m and 0.006 S/m

respectively

representing the low-moisture dry-season conditions typical of the Poyang Lake area. Six typical electrode layouts (S-1–S-6; 22–52 electrodes in total) were systematically compared: S-1 (peripheral boundary only)

S-2 (internal uniform only)

S-3 (W-shaped hybrid)

S-4 (central-column-removed hybrid)

S-5 (inner-column-removed hybrid)

and S-6 (fully hybrid uniform layout combining S-1 and S-2). Forward simulation was performed with 10 mA adjacent excitation

and dynamic difference imaging was conducted using an L1-regularization algorithm. To mimic realistic measurement conditions

independent 60-dB Gaussian white noise was added to the boundary voltage data of both the empty and full fields. The image correlation coefficient (ICC) was used as the quantitative evaluation metric. Results show that the peripheral-only and W-shaped layouts (S-1 and S-3) yielded low ICCs of only about 0.53–0.60 and failed to resolve detailed structures

with S-3 exhibiting the most severe distortion because of its highly non-uniform sensitivity distribution. The internal-uniform and incomplete-hybrid layouts (S-2

S-4

and S-5) increased the ICC to 0.62–0.64 but still exhibited artifacts or structural discontinuities. In contrast

the fully hybrid uniform layout (S-6) achieved the highest ICC of 0.7728

an improvement of 20.4% over the second-best S-5 and more than 35% over the other schemes; the galleries

main nest

and alate chambers were all clearly distinguishable. Sensitivity-distribution analysis further revealed that sensitivity-field uniformity—quantified by the coefficient of variation (CV) and strongly negatively correlated with ICC—is the key mechanism underlying the differences in reconstruction quality. These findings demonstrate that the S-6 layout constrains the overall electric field through boundary electrodes while enhancing local sensitivity coverage through internal electrodes

thereby significantly improving EIT detection accuracy. This work provides an optimal grid-based electrode configuration for high-precision EIT detection of termite nests in embankments; its topology can be readily adapted to field deployment by combining surface electrodes along the dam crest with shallow grid electrodes on the slope.

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