
河北省保定水文勘测研究中心,河北 保定 071051
Received:23 July 2026,
Revised:2026-08-28,
Accepted:09 September 2026,
Online First:22 September 2026,
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李聪敏.基于WRF的盆地地形高度对极端降雨影响模拟评估[J].人民珠江,DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.XXXX.XX.001.
Li Congmin.Simulation Evaluation of the Influence of Basin Terrain Height on Extreme Rainfall Based on WRF[J].PEARL RIVER,
李聪敏.基于WRF的盆地地形高度对极端降雨影响模拟评估[J].人民珠江,DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.XXXX.XX.001. DOI:
Li Congmin.Simulation Evaluation of the Influence of Basin Terrain Height on Extreme Rainfall Based on WRF[J].PEARL RIVER, DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235...001.
为评估盆地地形高度对极端降雨的影响及其物理机制,采用WRFV(ARW)4.3.1中尺度模式,以川渝地区2015年“8·16”极端降雨过程为例,设计8组盆地地形高度敏感性试验,并结合降水检验指标、水汽输送和热力层结开展分析。结果表明:①控制试验能够较好再现实测东北-西南向雨带及盆地中部强降水中心,0.1 mm以上降水TS评分超过0.98,10、25、50 mm阈值TS评分分别约为0.50、0.22和0.10,表明模式对主要雨带具有可用模拟能力,但暴雨量级模拟仍存在不确定性。②地形高度变化使24 h累计降水差值极值超过80 mm。地形抬升总体增强盆地中部和东北部降水、减弱南部降水,并使250 mm以上强降水中心由Ep1_6的约(30.8°N,105.8°E)向Ep1_2的约(30.0°N,105.2°E)移动;Ep1_1中250 mm以上降水中心消失。③地形高度改变降水日变化特征。CTL降水峰值为3.04 mm,出现在16日23UTC;Ep1_1峰值提前且呈双峰结构,Em1_3峰现时间较CTL滞后约1 h。④地形高度通过调整850 hPa水汽辐合范围、辐合中心位置以及盆地边缘中低层假相当位温梯度,改变层结不稳定与对流发展。上述结果表明,盆地地形高度变化是影响本次极端降雨强度、落区及峰现时间的重要因素,可为山区极端降水模拟和预报提供参考。
Basin topography can strongly modulate extreme rainfall by altering low-level moisture transport
convergence
and thermal stratification. To evaluate the influence of basin terrain height on extreme rainfall and its physical mechanisms
this study applies the WRF-ARW version 4.3.1 mesoscale model to the "8·16" extreme rainfall event that occurred over the Sichuan-Chongqing region in 2015. Eight terrain-height sensitivity experiments are designed
including the original-terrain control experiment (CTL)
three terrain-lowering experiments
and four terrain-raising experiments based on a 1200 m reference height. NCEP reanalysis data are used as the initial and lateral boundary conditions
and CLDAS hourly precipitation data are used for model verification. The analysis combines precipitation verification indices
spatial and hourly rainfall evolution
850 hPa water vapor transport
water vapor flux divergence
pseudo-equivalent potential temperature
and vertical velocity. The results show that the control experiment reasonably reproduces the observed northeast-southwest-oriented rainband and the main heavy-rainfall center in the central basin. The threat score exceeds 0.98 for precipitation above 0.1 mm
while the scores for the 10 mm
25 mm
and 50 mm thresholds are approximately 0.50
0.22
and 0.10
respectively
indicating usable skill for the main rainfall pattern but larger uncertainty for rainstorm-level precipitation. Terrain-height perturbations produce local differences in 24 h accumulated precipitation exceeding 80 mm. Terrain uplift generally enhances precipitation in the central and northeastern basin
weakens precipitation in the southern basin
and shifts the rainfall center above 250 mm southwestward from approximately (30.8°N
105.8°E) in Ep1_6 to approximately (30.0°N
105.2°E) in Ep1_2; no rainfall center above 250 mm appears in Ep1_1. Terrain height also affects the diurnal evolution of precipitation. The precipitation peak in CTL reaches 3.04 mm at 23:00 UTC on 16 August
while Ep1_1 shows an earlier double-peak structure and Em1_3 lags CTL by about 1 h. Mechanism analysis further shows that changes in basin terrain height alter the low-level moisture transport pathway and the location of 850 hPa water vapor convergence near the basin margins. These changes modify the horizontal gradient of pseudo-equivalent potential temperature in the lower and middle troposphere
thereby affecting stratification instability and the development of upward motion. As a result
the intensity
location
and timing of heavy precipitation are modulated by the terrain-height perturbations.These results suggest that basin terrain-height variation is an important factor affecting the intensity
location
and peak timing of this extreme rainfall event
and can provide a reference for terrain-sensitive simulation
forecast uncertainty assessment
and flood-risk warning in mountainous basin regions. They also highlight the need to represent basin terrain height carefully in numerical models used for operational rainfall forecasting.
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