
珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院,广东 广州 510611
Received:29 June 2026,
Revised:2026-08-10,
Accepted:01 September 2026,
Online First:16 September 2026,
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张波,孟庆魁,梁啟斌等.基于LSTM-PINN的堤防沉降多步预测精度影响因素研究[J].人民珠江,DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.XXXX.XX.001.
ZHANG Bo,MENG Qingkui,LIANG Qibin,et al.Influencing Factors of Multi-Step Prediction Accuracy of the LSTM-PINN Model for Embankment Settlement[J].PEARL RIVER,
张波,孟庆魁,梁啟斌等.基于LSTM-PINN的堤防沉降多步预测精度影响因素研究[J].人民珠江,DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.XXXX.XX.001. DOI:
ZHANG Bo,MENG Qingkui,LIANG Qibin,et al.Influencing Factors of Multi-Step Prediction Accuracy of the LSTM-PINN Model for Embankment Settlement[J].PEARL RIVER, DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235...001.
针对当前堤防工程沉降预测领域输入输出时间步长耦合作用机制不明晰,以及传统数据驱动模型存在长时序预测误差累积显著、物理机理一致性不足等行业共性难题,结合太沙基一维固结理论,构建一种物理信息长短期记忆网络(LSTM-PINN)沉降预测模型。基于广东省东莞市东莞大堤2024—2025年连续自动化监测数据,开展了5种历史观测窗口(12、24、48、72、96 h)与5种预测步长(3、6、12、24、48 h)的交叉对比实验,量化分析了输入输出步长比值、物理约束权重、数据噪声强度对模型性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:当输入输出步长比值保持在3:1~5:1时,模型可获得最佳预测精度;LSTM-PINN模型在长步长预测(>24 h)场景下优势显著,48 h预测的RMSE较LSTM降低41.2%;物理约束权重存在最优区间(0.05~0.2),在此区间内模型同时具备良好的数据拟合能力和物理一致性。研究表明,在本研究数据条件下,该模型能够较好地分离堤防固结沉降与潮汐弹性变形,在长时序预测中表现出一定优势。研究成果可为堤防沉降监测预警系统的参数优化提供参考依据。需指出的是,当前研究仅基于单一监测断面开展验证,模型在不同堤型、地质条件和工况下的适用范围有待进一步研究。
In the field of embankment settlement prediction
the coupling mechanism between input and output time steps remains unclear
and traditional data-driven models suffer from significant error accumulation in long time-series prediction and insufficient consistency with physical mechanisms. To address these common problems
this study investigates the influencing factors of multi-step prediction accuracy for embankment settlement
aiming to provide a basis for selecting input-output time steps in settlement monitoring and safety early warning of embankments. A physics-informed long short-term memory (LSTM-PINN) model was constructed by embedding Terzaghi's one-dimensional consolidation equation into the loss function of a conventional LSTM network as a soft constraint. The model was trained and validated using continuous hourly automated monitoring data (17
520 valid samples) collected from the 26+200 cross-section of the Dongguan Levee in Guangdong Province from January 2024 to December 2025
covering crest settlement
upstream water level
air temperature
and rainfall. Cross-comparison experiments were conducted with five historical observation windows (12
24
48
72
and 96 h) and five prediction steps (3
6
12
24
and 48 h)
and LSTM-PINN was benchmarked against LSTM
GRU
and Transformer models. The effects of the physical constraint weight and data noise intensity on model performance were further quantified.
Findings
2
The input time window has an optimal value: prediction accuracy improves as the window extends from 12 h to 72 h and declines beyond 72 h due to redundant information and noise. At the 72 h window
LSTM-PINN achieves the minimum RMSE of 0.137 mm
reducing RMSE by 17.4%
22.0%
and 26.9% relative to LSTM
GRU
and Transformer
respectively. Prediction accuracy declines with increasing prediction step
but LSTM-PINN degrades much more slowly; for 24 h and 48 h predictions
its RMSE is reduced by 28.5% and 41.2% compared with LSTM
respectively
and its error growth rate is only 58.3% of that of the data-driven models. The optimal input-output step ratio ranges from 3:1 to 5:1; for example
the combinations of an input 12 h window with a 3 h prediction step and an input 72 h window with a 24 h prediction step are recommended for real-time and medium-to-long-term early warning
respectively. The physical constraint weight has an optimal interval of 0.05–0.20
with the best overall performance at 0.1. Under a noise intensity of 0.3 mm
the accuracy degradation of LSTM-PINN is 27.9%
markedly lower than the 46.8% of LSTM. Moreover
the settlement rate predicted by LSTM-PINN agrees well with the measurements (correlation coefficient of 0.996)
reproducing the semi-diurnal tidal fluctuation superimposed on the long-term consolidation trend. Under the data conditions of this study
the proposed model can separate consolidation settlement from tidal elastic deformation to a reasonable extent and exhibits clear advantages in long time-series prediction. The findings can provide references for parameter optimization of embankment settlement monitoring and early warning systems. Since the validation was performed on a single monitoring cross-section
the applicability of the model to different embankment types
geological conditions
and working conditions needs further investigation.
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