
1.衡阳师范学院 地理与旅游学院,湖南 衡阳 421002
2.湖南财政经济学院湖南省经济地理研究所,湖南 长沙 410205
Revised:2026-06-11,
Accepted:16 June 2026,
Online First:16 July 2026,
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郭彬斌,汤慧.南北方典型气候区流域多源降水产品的水文模拟适用性评估[J].人民珠江.
GUO Binbin,TANG Hui.Hydrological Simulation Applicability of Multi-source Precipitation Products in Typical Climate Zones of Northern and Southern China[J].PEARL RIVER.
卫星遥感和再分析降水产品在缺乏实测资料的流域具有重要应用价值,但其水文模拟适用性在不同气候区存在显著差异。以南方湿润区湘江流域和北方半湿润区渭河流域为研究对象,选取ERA5-Land(简称ERA5L)、GSMaP和IMERG三种日尺度降水产品,基于2007—2020年逐日实测数据,从年、月、日3个尺度分析降水产品的误差特征,进而采用IHACRES水文模型评估其径流模拟性能。年尺度上,GSMaP在渭河流域存在正负交替误差,IMERG在两流域存在偶发性极端高估事件,ERA5L呈持续系统性高估,且空间分布上GSMaP表现最优、IMERG次之、ERA5L高估最严重;月尺度上,GSMaP在湘江雨季略高估、渭河枯水期低估,IMERG在渭河枯水期表现优异,ERA5L丰水期高估集中;日尺度上,GSMaP对降水强度刻画最为稳健,IMERG对强降水的比例关系保持最好且变幅还原能力最佳,ERA5L对强降水低估最严重。水文模拟方面,湘江流域GSMaP验证期表现最优(KGE=0.78),渭河流域ERA5L验证期表现相对稳定,IMERG性能衰减最严重(KGE从0.73降至0.37)。降水产品的统计精度与水文模拟性能并非完全一致,半湿润区对降水误差敏感性更高。研究结果可为不同气候区水资源管理提供科学依据。
Satellite remote sensing and reanalysis precipitation products hold significant application value in basins lacking observational data
but their hydrological applicability varies markedly across different climatic zones. Taking the Xiangjiang River Basin in the humid southern region and the Wei River Basin in the semi-humid northern region as study areas
three daily-scale precipitation products—ERA5-Land (ERA5L)
GSMaP
and IMERG—were selected. Based on daily measured data from 2007 to 2020
the error characteristics of these products were analyzed at annual
monthly
and daily scales. Subsequently
the IHACRES hydrological model was employed to evaluate their runoff simulation performance. At the annual scale
GSMaP exhibited alternating positive and negative errors in the Wei River Basin
while IMERG occasionally overestimated precipitation extremes in both basins
and ERA5L consistently showed systematic overestimation. Spatially
GSMaP performed best
followed by IMERG
with ERA5L displaying the most severe overestimation. At the monthly scale
GSMaP slightly overestimated precipitation during the rainy season in the Xiangjiang Basin but underestimated it during the dry season in the Wei River Basin. IMERG performed exceptionally well in the Wei River Basin during the dry season
while ERA5L concentrated overestimation during the wet season. At the daily scale
GSMaP demonstrated the most stable representation of precipitation intensity
IMERG maintained the best proportionality for heavy precipitation and excelled in variability reconstruction
whereas ERA5L significantly underestimated heavy precipitation. In terms of hydrological simulation
GSMaP achieved the highest performance in the Xiangjiang Basin during the validation period (KGE=0.78)
while ERA5L showed relatively stable performance in the Wei River Basin. IMERG exhibited the most severe performance degradation (KGE dropped from 0.73 to 0.37). The statistical accuracy of precipitation products did not fully align with hydrological simulation performance
with semi-humid regions being more sensitive to precipitation errors. These findings provide a scientific basis for water resource management in different climatic zones.
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