Photovoltaic power generation technology has widespread applications

with factors affecting its efficiency including solar irradiance intensity

photovoltaic cell materials

and temperature.Since irradiance intensity is highly influenced by environmental conditions

and cell materials face challenges such as cost

stability

and technological maturity

controlling cell temperature emerges as a practical method to enhance efficiency.Using phase change materials(PCM) for cooling represents the most promising temperature control strategy.According to the influence of the inclination angle of the photovoltaic(PV)-PCM coupling system on the melting process characteristics of phase change materials in the rectangular container at the back of the battery and the thermal management issues

it studies the influence of the inclination angle of the PV-PCM system on the temperature of the solar panel and the photovoltaic electrical performance.Under simulated conditions of 600 W/m2 solar irradiance

180 minute irradiation duration

30 mm phase change material thickness

and vertical panel orientation

experiments compare temperatures of PV-PCM systems at 15°

30°

45°and 60° inclination angles against standalone PV panels.Results confirm the cooling effect of phase change materials

with panel operating temperatures decreasing as inclination angle increases.Furthermore

as the inclination angle of the PV-PCM system increased From 15°to 60°

the maximum power output

open-circuit voltage

fill factor

and maximum conversion efficiency of the panels all improve with increasing inclination angle

while the short-circuit current decrease.