
为从细观角度分析黄土的变形破坏机理,以取自遂川至大余高速公路的黄土为样本进行三轴压缩试验,并采用离散元法,分析三轴压缩过程中的颗粒位移场变化、力链分布特征及能量演化规律。结果表明,室内试验与模拟试验结果高度吻合。黄土三轴压缩过程可分为3个阶段,弹性压缩阶段颗粒侧向位移小,内部力链密集且均匀,能量以应变能形式储存;塑性屈服阶段颗粒侧向位移增大,中部左右两侧力链断裂而中心区域力链密集,应变能继续累积并伴随少量能量耗散;应变软化阶段颗粒滑移形成剪切带,剪切带内力链断裂,力链网络稀疏,耗散能持续增加。柔性边界下,试样鼓胀现象明显,边界处力链分布均匀,而刚性边界下,试样无鼓胀现象,边界处存在接触盲区。相比于低围压,高围压对黄土颗粒的约束作用强,颗粒侧向位移被限制,颗粒间不易发生相对滑移,使力链不易破坏并且力链网络密集,从而耗散能占比低。
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