
水库地震类型的判别多数情况下是通过宏观类比的方法,根据震中区的地层岩性、地质构造特征以及地震的发生与水库蓄水进程之间的相关关系,再结合震源深度、震中分布是否在库水的影响范围、水库蓄水前后地震活动度的变化等来判定水库地震的类型。随着数字化地震监测技术广泛应用于水库地震台网,对地震波的波谱分析、时频分析以及震源参数的反演分析等成为研究水库地震的重要手段。本研究在对某水库库首段、第二库段实测地震事件进行判别的基础上,采用时频分析法对不同类型地震波的主频、中心频率和带宽的统计特征进行了分析。结果表明,地震波的中心频率和主频的差值随震中距的不同所表现出的变化特征,能够作为判别天然地震、构造型水库地震和岩溶型水库地震的重要指标。
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