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Research on the Explosion Mechanism of Sf Circuit Breaker based on Multi Dimensional Analysis a Case Study of an Accident in a Substation
- Issue 7, (2025)
- 作者机构：
贵州电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
DOI：
CLC：-
Published：2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
fengshengyong, jiangtao, zhangrenqi. Research on the Explosion Mechanism of Sf Circuit Breaker based on Multi Dimensional Analysis a Case Study of an Accident in a Substation[J]. 2025, (7).
摘要
针对某变电站SF?断路器爆炸事故，开展故障分析与机理研究。事故造成断路器A相严重损毁，其碎片包括触指、动弧触头座、吹弧锥及瓷套。为探究故障机理，扫描电镜和能谱分析发现，静弧触头、触指压环存在燃弧特征形貌，表明断路器在爆炸后持续拉弧，加剧了设备烧损程度。金相分析显示，静触头铜底座晶粒尺寸增大，表明该部件曾长期处于高温运行环境，存在严重过热现象。通过计算静触头座的发热功率，推断所有触指压紧因弹簧均疲软失效或局部电弧烧蚀，导致接触电阻增大，从而持续发热。这一过程最终引发内部电弧持续燃烧，使SF?气体急剧升温。热力学计算表明，爆炸瞬间灭弧室内SF?气体温度高达5216.7 K，气体基本完全等离子化，失去绝缘与灭弧能力，内部压力骤增至7.5 MPa，造成断路器爆炸。基于此次事故，建议加强对断路器触头系统及其弹簧元件的安全状态监测与定期维护，以预防类似事故再次发生。
Abstract
In response to an explosion accident involving a SF? circuit breaker in a substation
this article conducts a fault analysis and mechanism study. The accident caused severe damage to the A-phase of the circuit breaker
with debris including contact fingers
moving arc contact base
arc-blowing cone
and porcelain bushing. To investigate the fault mechanism
scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed arcing characteristics on the stationary arc contact and contact finger pressure ring
indicating that the circuit breaker continued to arc after the explosion
exacerbating the extent of equipment burnout. Metallographic analysis showed that the grain size of the copper base of the stationary contact increased
indicating that the component had been exposed to high-temperature operating conditions for a long time and suffered severe overheating. By calculating the heating power of the stationary contact base
it was inferred that all contact finger pressure springs had failed due to softening or local arc erosion
leading to increased contact resistance and thus continuous heating. This process ultimately triggered sustained internal arc combustion
causing the SF6 gas to heat up rapidly. Thermodynamic calculations showed that at the moment of explosion
the temperature of the SF6 gas in the arc-extinguishing chamber reached 5216.7 K
and the gas became almost completely plasmaized
losing its insulating and arc-extinguishing capabilities. The internal pressure surged to 7.5 MPa
causing the circuit breaker to explode. Based on this accident
it is recommended to strengthen the safety status monitoring and regular maintenance of the circuit breaker contact system and its spring components to prevent similar accidents from happening again.
关键词
Keywords
references
侯光杰. 六氟化硫断路器应用优势及安全运行要点 [J]. 中国水能及电气化, 2016, (11): 20-22,50.
郝舒洋. 六氟化硫分解产物在断路器故障诊断中的应用研究 [J]. 仪器仪表用户, 2024, 31(8): 12-14.
赵阳, 赵越. SF6断路器运行常见故障及预防措施 [J]. 电气技术与经济, 2024, (6): 165-167.
邢扶伟. 基于关联规则的SF6高压断路器振动状态检测 [J]. 电工技术, 2025, (4): 157-159,162.
张鹏斌, 田结旺, 刘今, et al. 断路器SF6气体分析信息管理系统的研发 [J]. 科技与创新, 2025, (3): 109-112.
SWIERCZYNSKI B, GONZALEZ JJ, TEULET Ph, et al. Advances in low-voltage circuit breaker modelling [J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2004, 37(4): 595.
FRANCK Christian M. HVDC circuit breakers: A review identifying future research needs [J]. IEEE transactions on power delivery, 2011, 26(2): 998-1007.
JANSSEN Anton, MAKAREINIS Dirk, S??LVER Carl-Ejnar. International surveys on circuit-breaker reliability data for substation and system studies [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2013, 29(2): 808-814.
GOH Hui Hwang, SIM SY, ISKANDAR N, et al. Types of circuit breaker and its application in substation protection [J]. Indones J Electr Eng Comput Sci, 2017, 8(1): 213-220.
谢庆华. 真空断路器结构与传动特性分析 [J]. 内燃机与配件, 2024, (12): 56-58.
LI Chuanyue, LIANG Jun, WANG Sheng. Interlink hybrid DC circuit breaker [J]. IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, 2018, 65(11): 8677-8686.
BENTO Ana Rafaela Figueiredo, BENTO Fernando, CARDOSO Antonio J Marques. A review on hybrid circuit breakers for DC applications [J]. IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society, 2023, 4: 432-450.
ABED Marwan R, AHMED Oday A, BILAL Ghassan A, et al. A comprehensive review of impedance source network DC circuit breaker topologies [J]. Cogent Engineering, 2024, 11(1): 2340275.
HE Yuchen, XU Chunmeng, LI Yuan, et al. A survey of hybrid circuit breakers: component-level insights to system-wide integration [J]. IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics, 2024, 5: 513-533.
陈帝羽. 配电系统中的断路器故障分析方法研究 [J]. 电力设备管理, 2024, (11): 286-288.
ZHOU Jungang, SHANG Zhaoxia. Green design of circuit breaker electrical life to improve resource utilization [J]. Scientific Reports, 2025, 15(1): 13542.
谢俊杰, 彭羿霖, 刘贵, et al. 某750kV变电站SF6断路器击穿故障分析 [J]. 电气技术与经济, 2025, (3): 169-171.
SHUKLA Anshuman, DEMETRIADES Georgios D. A survey on hybrid circuit-breaker topologies [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2014, 30(2): 627-641.
黄玉忠. 一起500 kV断路器分闸故障分析 [J]. 电力大数据, 2017, 20(11): 47-49.
骆斌, 李金顺, 孙雪, et al. 真空断路器状态监测及故障诊断研究 [J]. 环境技术, 2024, 42(10): 211-216.
伍俊霖, 周利平. 10 kV真空断路器储能电机频繁烧毁故障原因探析 [J]. 仪器仪表用户, 2024, 31(7): 94-97.
杨家隆, 殷泽坤, 袁思凡, et al. 一起1000kV GIS断路器放电故障分析研究 [J]. 江西电力, 2025, 49(3): 68-72.
LINDMAYER Manfred, STAMMBERGER Hartwig. Application of numerical field simulations for low-voltage switchgear [J]. Proceedings of IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contracts, 1994: 65-77.
张桂林, 李杰, 汪浩. 某型断路器故障改进方法研究 [J]. 船电技术, 2024, 44(4): 53-56.
HUANG Yunfeng, XIAO Huangqing. Cost-efficient multiport DC circuit breaker with integrated power flow control for HVDC grids [J]. International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems, 2025, 166: 110571.
田力. 高压断路器动态特性分析故障诊断方法研究 [J]. 电力系统装备, 2025, (2): 121-123.
王永兴, 邹积岩, 郭兴宇, et al. 基于快速真空开关的直流配电组合式断路器 [J]. 高压电器, 2025, 61(3): 63-70.
范建强. 变电检修中SF6断路器的故障与维护方法 [J]. 电力设备管理, 2024, (12): 8-10.
HUO Qunhai, XIONG Jiawang, ZHANG Ningyu, et al. Review of DC circuit breaker application [J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2022, 209: 107946.
刘天宇, 车传强, 赵磊, et al. 35kV真空断路器开断并联电容器过电压分析 [J]. 东北电力技术, 2024, 45(5): 34-36,40.
SUZUKI Atsushi, AKAGI Hirofumi. A High-Voltage Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker Combining Mechanical Switches and an Advanced Multilevel Converter [J]. IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications, 2018, 138(3): 265-272.作者简介:冯圣勇(1977),性别:男,本科,工程师,研究方向为电工材料、电气自动化等。姜滔(1992),性别:男,博士,工程师,研究方向为电工材料、储能材料、纳米材料等。张仁奇(1968),性别:男,本科,高级工程师,研究方向为电工材料失效分析、一次设备缺陷分析等。(收稿日期:2025-9-xx)
侯光杰. 六氟化硫断路器应用优势及安全运行要点 [J]. 中国水能及电气化, 2016, (11): 20-22,50.
郝舒洋. 六氟化硫分解产物在断路器故障诊断中的应用研究 [J]. 仪器仪表用户, 2024, 31(8): 12-14.
赵阳, 赵越. SF6断路器运行常见故障及预防措施 [J]. 电气技术与经济, 2024, (6): 165-167.
邢扶伟. 基于关联规则的SF6高压断路器振动状态检测 [J]. 电工技术, 2025, (4): 157-159,162.
张鹏斌, 田结旺, 刘今, et al. 断路器SF6气体分析信息管理系统的研发 [J]. 科技与创新, 2025, (3): 109-112.
SWIERCZYNSKI B, GONZALEZ JJ, TEULET Ph, et al. Advances in low-voltage circuit breaker modelling [J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2004, 37(4): 595.
FRANCK Christian M. HVDC circuit breakers: A review identifying future research needs [J]. IEEE transactions on power delivery, 2011, 26(2): 998-1007.
JANSSEN Anton, MAKAREINIS Dirk, S??LVER Carl-Ejnar. International surveys on circuit-breaker reliability data for substation and system studies [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2013, 29(2): 808-814.
GOH Hui Hwang, SIM SY, ISKANDAR N, et al. Types of circuit breaker and its application in substation protection [J]. Indones J Electr Eng Comput Sci, 2017, 8(1): 213-220.
谢庆华. 真空断路器结构与传动特性分析 [J]. 内燃机与配件, 2024, (12): 56-58.
LI Chuanyue, LIANG Jun, WANG Sheng. Interlink hybrid DC circuit breaker [J]. IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, 2018, 65(11): 8677-8686.
BENTO Ana Rafaela Figueiredo, BENTO Fernando, CARDOSO Antonio J Marques. A review on hybrid circuit breakers for DC applications [J]. IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society, 2023, 4: 432-450.
ABED Marwan R, AHMED Oday A, BILAL Ghassan A, et al. A comprehensive review of impedance source network DC circuit breaker topologies [J]. Cogent Engineering, 2024, 11(1): 2340275.
HE Yuchen, XU Chunmeng, LI Yuan, et al. A survey of hybrid circuit breakers: component-level insights to system-wide integration [J]. IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics, 2024, 5: 513-533.
陈帝羽. 配电系统中的断路器故障分析方法研究 [J]. 电力设备管理, 2024, (11): 286-288.
ZHOU Jungang, SHANG Zhaoxia. Green design of circuit breaker electrical life to improve resource utilization [J]. Scientific Reports, 2025, 15(1): 13542.
谢俊杰, 彭羿霖, 刘贵, et al. 某750kV变电站SF6断路器击穿故障分析 [J]. 电气技术与经济, 2025, (3): 169-171.
SHUKLA Anshuman, DEMETRIADES Georgios D. A survey on hybrid circuit-breaker topologies [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2014, 30(2): 627-641.
黄玉忠. 一起500 kV断路器分闸故障分析 [J]. 电力大数据, 2017, 20(11): 47-49.
骆斌, 李金顺, 孙雪, et al. 真空断路器状态监测及故障诊断研究 [J]. 环境技术, 2024, 42(10): 211-216.
伍俊霖, 周利平. 10 kV真空断路器储能电机频繁烧毁故障原因探析 [J]. 仪器仪表用户, 2024, 31(7): 94-97.
杨家隆, 殷泽坤, 袁思凡, et al. 一起1000kV GIS断路器放电故障分析研究 [J]. 江西电力, 2025, 49(3): 68-72.
LINDMAYER Manfred, STAMMBERGER Hartwig. Application of numerical field simulations for low-voltage switchgear [J]. Proceedings of IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contracts, 1994: 65-77.
张桂林, 李杰, 汪浩. 某型断路器故障改进方法研究 [J]. 船电技术, 2024, 44(4): 53-56.
HUANG Yunfeng, XIAO Huangqing. Cost-efficient multiport DC circuit breaker with integrated power flow control for HVDC grids [J]. International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems, 2025, 166: 110571.
田力. 高压断路器动态特性分析故障诊断方法研究 [J]. 电力系统装备, 2025, (2): 121-123.
王永兴, 邹积岩, 郭兴宇, et al. 基于快速真空开关的直流配电组合式断路器 [J]. 高压电器, 2025, 61(3): 63-70.
范建强. 变电检修中SF6断路器的故障与维护方法 [J]. 电力设备管理, 2024, (12): 8-10.
HUO Qunhai, XIONG Jiawang, ZHANG Ningyu, et al. Review of DC circuit breaker application [J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2022, 209: 107946.
刘天宇, 车传强, 赵磊, et al. 35kV真空断路器开断并联电容器过电压分析 [J]. 东北电力技术, 2024, 45(5): 34-36,40.
SUZUKI Atsushi, AKAGI Hirofumi. A High-Voltage Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker Combining Mechanical Switches and an Advanced Multilevel Converter [J]. IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications, 2018, 138(3): 265-272.作者简介:冯圣勇(1977),性别:男,本科,工程师,研究方向为电工材料、电气自动化等。姜滔(1992),性别:男,博士,工程师,研究方向为电工材料、储能材料、纳米材料等。张仁奇(1968),性别:男,本科,高级工程师,研究方向为电工材料失效分析、一次设备缺陷分析等。(收稿日期:2025-9-xx)
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