Research on the Comprehensive Bidding Strategy for Electric Vehicle Aggregators Participating in Multi-market Considering Response Uncertainty

In recent years, with the rapid growth of electric vehicle ownership, the bidding strategy of electric vehicle aggregators as equivalent energy storage resources to participate in the electricity market has gradually become a current research hotspot. The multi-market trading model provides market entities with more excellent choice space and puts higher requirements on their bidding strategies. Due to the multiple uncertainties between the user and network sides, aggregators find it challenging to estimate reasonable capacity and propose bidding schemes with high comprehensive profits. In response to the above issues, this article first proposes an equivalent energy storage aggregation model for electric vehicle aggregators, including spatiotemporal decoupling and user willingness uncertainty. Secondly, a bidding framework and transaction process for electric vehicle aggregators to participate in both energy and frequency markets were designed, and a bidding optimization strategy for aggregators to participate in multi-market transactions was established, taking into account confidence and opportunity costs to determine their comprehensive clearance plan. The numerical examples show that the proposed scheme can provide an effective experience for aggregators to participate in network-side multi-market bidding.