Review and Prospects of Planning and Operation Optimization for Electrical Power Systems Considering Frequency Security

The gradual inertia decrease of a power system with larger-scale renewable energy weakens its frequency responses and leads to evident frequency accidents. Conducting frequency-constrained planning and operation optimization for the power system is an efficient method to enhance its frequency responses. This paper illustrates the frequency characteristics from the transient periods, frequency indexes, and analytics method. We hackle the theories as well as the applications of different response methods from the following links as sources, networks, demands, and storages. On this basis, the frequency-constrained optimization models for power systems are extracted. The construction of frequency constraints and their transformation methods are concluded. Also, the uncertainty treatments and solution algorithms are compared. Last, we point out the development direction in future frequency-constrained optimization research for power systems.