Abstract: The calculation of power and energy balance is the basis for rational planning of power supply and scientific arrangement of operation mode. Aiming at the challenges and problems faced by the power and energy balance of the new power system with high proportion of new energy access, this paper first expounds the basic concept of the power and energy balance of the new power system, then summarizes the research status of various resource models of generation-grid-load-storage, and puts forward the core problems and development direction in resource modeling. Then, the basic ideas and analysis framework of power and energy balance are summarized, and the mainstream methods, algorithms and development trends are summarized from two aspects of optimization methods and heuristic algorithms. Finally, the index system of power and energy balance of new power system is summarized. Aiming at the key direction of power and energy balance simulation of new power system, this paper puts forward the core problems and development direction. Power and energy balance simulation technology needs to be developed to meet the needs of clean energy development.