Abstract: Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, with the gradual improvement of electrification of end-use consumption and hydrogen energy utilization, emerging energy utilization infrastructure on the user side is showing an explosive growth trend. While accidents occur frequently, safety concerns of emerging energy utilization infrastructure are constantly prominent, restricting the healthy development of the related industry. This paper comprehensively sorts out the main safety risk factors of emerging energy utilization infrastructures represented by energy storage stations, charging stations, hydrogen refueling stations, integrated energy systems, etc. The current gaps and challenges in the safety risks recognition, prevention, control, and regulation of various infrastructures during the full life cycle are analyzed, and the common status and overall situation of safety risks and risk mitigation are further summarized. With this contribution, systematic framework and countermeasures have been proposed from several aspects, such as technological innovation in risk prevention and control, multi-stakeholder regulation, and construction of a public safety guarantee system, providing support and reference for the safety risk prevention and control of emerging energy utilization infrastructure in China.