Abstract: Energy and transportation are important guarantees for the improvement of production, life and economy. Highway energy system formed by the integrated development of energy and transportation is of great significance in coping with the shortage of the resources and the environmental pollution. However, the energy system is vulnerable to the extreme weather or environmental conditions, and its paralysis may also cause a sharp increase in the operational risks of the highway system. Concerning the resilient highway energy system based on the integration of energy and transportation, this paper first lists the inadequacies of the existing highway energy systems, and expounds the necessity of developing a new highway energy system from the perspective of energy transition, economic construction and social development layout. Then, the concepts of flexibility, toughness and resilience are compared, and the definitions and key features of a resilient highway energy system are given. On this basis, the basic operation mode of the resilient highway energy system is introduced. And then, the current research status of the key technologies of a resilient highway energy system is summarized, and the existing difficulties as well as the corresponding solutions are discussed. Finally, the prospects and future development of the resilient highway energy system are forecast.