Abstract: With the increasing panoramic information of load, weather, equipment, electricity-gas-heat multi-energy flow in the power system operation, it is difficult for the traditional power system modeling and simulation technology to adapt to the needs of future intelligent energy system operation control. The digital twin technology combined with machine learning, communication network, high-performance analysis and calculation, and internet of things can effectively solve this technical problem. Firstly, according to the basic definition and application scenarios of digital twin technology in different fields at home and abroad, this paper discusses the construction modes and the future development ideas of digital twin technology for a smart energy system, and designs the digital twin and multi-agent control architecture of the smart microgrid considering multi communication protocol interaction. Considering the physical space, the digital space and their coupling relationship, this paper decomposes the whole life cycle management process of the smart microgrid, and constructs the regulation resource agent, the regulation process agent and the regulation service agent. Then, it constructs the digital and physical twin of the system, and uses the twin data of the distributed components and the surrounding environment collected by the sensors to update the database. Finally, the smart microgrid test model based on the Opal-RT hardware in the loop simulation platform is constructed, and the UDP(user datagram protocol) is used to sense the test data in real time to verify the control strategy proposed in this paper in the two working scenarios of microgrid grid connection and island. The results show that the smart microgrid is implemented in the actual system according to the optimized test scheme of the digital twin, and the implementation interacts with the digital twin system in real time to provide the operation guidance for the whole life cycle management.