Abstract: The necessary balanced control of the energy storage state of charge (SOC), the efficient use of energy and the bus voltage support for the energy storage units in DC microgrids can be hardly realized without complicated communication. In this paper, a hierarchical operation control strategy based on the state of charge is proposed for the distributed energy storage units in DC microgrid. First, considering the different needs of the energy storage unit in the multi-operation state of the microgrid, the operation of the energy storage unit is divided into five working modes according to the DC bus voltage signals. Second, with the SOC of the energy storage unit introduced into the voltage interval control, each voltage interval is dynamically adjusted with the SOC in order to achieve the hierarchical operation. Then, the power distribution control adjusts the droop curve automatically according to the voltage interval of each working mode of the energy storage unit so that the power of each energy storage unit is distributed with the respective SOCs. Finally, the results of Matlab/Simulink prove that the proposed control strategy can achieve SOC balance and efficient use of energy without communication. The deviation of the common DC bus voltage offset is within a reasonable range during the switching of working mode. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified.