Abstract: Distributed application of renewable energy is an important way to support China to achieve the strategic target of“carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality”, which is bound to have a revolutionary impact on the low-voltage distribution system and pose a new challenge to the traditional planning, operation and maintenance methods. First, the elements and morphological changes of low-voltage distribution systems in China are analyzed, and the development status and problems of each link are introduced. Secondly, the typical characteristics of the new low-voltage distribution system are analyzed from the five dimensions of transparency, low-carbon, interaction, flexibility and diversification, and the quantitative evaluation index of its characteristic significance is proposed. Finally, aiming at the four key issues of power quality, reliability, economy and security,the four key technologies supporting the new low-voltage distribution system are discussed and its future development direction is prospected.