基于戴维南电路的双馈风电场动态等值方法
A Dynamic Equivalent Method for Doubly-fed Induction Generator Wind Farm Based on the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
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摘要: 根据双馈感应发电机(DFIG)的3阶简化动力学模型,提出了基于戴维南电路的双馈风电场等值方法。首先,根据风电机组的功率—转速特性对含风电场的电力系统进行快速潮流计算,确定各DFIG的初始运行点,应用离线计算确定DFIG暂态内电势动态特性发生显著变化时所对应的风速上、下界,据此将DFIG分群;接着,通过理想变压器将同群DFIG戴维南等效电路中的暂态内电势节点移置到公共等效母线上,并借鉴同步发电机参数聚合方法求取等效风电机组电气参数,按照总机械功率不变的原则,在设定的等效风电机组功率—转速特性基础上,推导出等效注入风速及等效机转速;最后,进行网络化简,消去移相变压器及其他联络节点,得出等效DFIG与公共连接点之间的电气连接。对6机双馈风电场算例的仿真表明:单机等值方案稳态精度较好,但动态误差偏大;按照DFIG机电暂态特性分群的3机等值模型兼具较高的稳态与动态精度,能较好地适用于内部连接复杂且注入风速相差较大的风电场。Abstract: According to the third-order simplified dynamic model of doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG),an equivalent method of DFIG wind farm based on the Thevenin circuit(EMBTC)is proposed.Firstly,based on the characteristics of mechanical power and rotor speed curve of wind turbine,a faster power flow calculation of power system with wind farm is carried on to determine the initial states of DFIGs.Then,off-line calculation is made to find the upper and down limits of injected wind speed when dynamical characteristics of transient electromotive force change evidently.The DFIGs in the wind farm are clustered according to the dynamic similarities.Secondly,the transient electromotive force buses of DFIGs in one group are aggregated to an equivalent bus through ideal transformers with complex ratios.Parameters of the equivalent DFIG are identified with a similar method of synchronous generators.According to the energy conservation law and a presumed mechanical power and rotor speed characteristics of the equivalent DFIG,the equivalent wind speed and the rotor speed are obtained.Finally,network reduction is accomplished by the elimination of phase shifting transformers,which determines the electrical connections between equivalent DFIG and the point of common coupling.Simulation results of an example wind farm with six DFIGs show that one-DFIG equivalent model has a high steady accuracy while the dynamical accuracy is relatively low.The dynamic precision can be effectively improved when three-DFIG equivalent model are utilized.The EMBTC is suitable for wind farms with complex connections and various wind speeds.