Abstract: The decision-making optimization process of planning, operation, and market operation of new power system presents more variables and more complex constraints. The quantum computing has the characteristics of parallel computation operation and state superposition, which can provide effective ideas for avoiding the “curse of dimensionality”. This paper attempts to explore the theoretic feasibility and application prospect of quantum computing technology for the decision-making optimization of the new power system. First, both advantages and limitations about the application of quantum computing to the decision-making optimization of the new power system is analyzed. A hybrid quantum-classical computing framework for variational quantum decision optimization is constructed. On this basis, the common features of the typical optimization problems in the new power system are generalized to form a unified problem structure, whereafter it is transformed into the energy model that can be described by the qubit system. Subsequently, the quantum approximation optimization algorithm is adopted to find the extreme value of the energy model, and the optimal solution of the original problem is determined. Finally, reflection and prospect are put forward from the perspective of hardware, software, algorithmic framework, and industry development.