电网谐波条件下双馈感应风力发电机的建模与控制
Modeling and Control of Wind Turbine Driven Doubly-fed Induction Generators Under Harmonic Grid Voltage Conditions
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摘要: 从电网谐波条件下双馈感应发电机(DFIG)转子侧变流器的控制入手,通过严格的理论推导,构建了正转同步速(dq)+参考坐标系、反转5倍速(dq)5-和正转7倍速(dq)7+参考坐标系下基于定子磁链定向的DFIG数学模型。通过重新定义这种运行条件下的定子有功、无功功率及电磁转矩,分析和解释了它们产生波动的原因;进而提出4个可供选择的控制目标,给出相应的转子基波和谐波电流指令算法,设计了正转(dq)+坐标系下由单比例—积分(PI)调节器和谐振频率为6倍电网频率的单谐振(R)调节器构成的新型PI-R电流控制器,避免了复杂的相序分离处理和相应的时延影响,实现了对转子电流5次、7次谐波分量的动态抑制。对1台2MW商用DFIG风力发电机组的仿真研究表明,所述控制方法能显著消除电网谐波条件下DFIG运行时瞬时功率的波动和转矩的脉动,验证了所提出的DFIG数学模型的正确性和改进控制方案的有效性。Abstract: Based on the detailed analysis on the control of rotor side convertor for the doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) under harmonic grid voltage conditions,this paper presents a precise mathematical model of the DFIG in the stator-flux-oriented fundamental positive reference frame(dq)+,negative 5-order(dq)5-,and positive 7-order reference frames(dq)7+.The reasons of the oscillations in the instantaneous active power,reactive power and electromagnetic torque of the DFIG are analyzed and explained through redefining the powers and torque under this special operation condition.Four alternative control targets and the computation algorithm of their corresponding rotor current references for the fundamental and harmonic components are proposed.A novel current controller,consisting of a traditional PI regulator and a resonant(R) controller tuned at the 6 times of grid frequency and referred into the positive(dq)+ reference frame,is designed.It can efficiently suppress the 5th and 7th order components of rotor current without the complex sequential-component decomposition and corresponding time delay involved.Simulation studies on a 2 MW commercial wind-turbine driven DFIG system proves that the suggested control scheme can efficiently smooth the instantaneous active and reactive power fluctuation and electromagnetic torque pulsation,which verifies the correctness of the proposed mathematical model of DFIG and the effectiveness of the suggested control strategy.