Abstract: In the face of the increasingly prominent garbage disposal problems including a wide variety of garbage, large treatment capacity and high moisture, waste incineration has become the preferred solution. The working fluid parameters of garbage incinerators have been continuously improved, and the corrosion failure of high-temperature heating surface has become one of the important factors affecting the safe operation of garbage incinerators. By revealing the failure mechanism of the high-temperature heating surface of the garbage incinerator to guide the material selection and maintenance. Firstly, the corrosion types and mechanisms dominated by the heating surface of the garbage incinerator are described, in which the high-temperature heating surface is severely corroded by chloride and sulfate. Secondly, according to the corrosion characteristics of chlorine and sulfur, the corresponding corrosion behavior model was established, during which chlorine and iron in iron-chromium alloy formed low-melting point and volatile ferrous chloride, and sulfur formed sulfate and sulfide-type products on the high-temperature heating surface, resulting in the thinning of metal pipes. Thirdly, the thermodynamic stability theory was used to analyze the formation and stability of the corrosion products of the high-temperature heating surface of the garbage incinerator, and it was found that with the increase of temperature, the oxides in the sulfate corrosion model would be replaced by the sulfides of iron and chromium. With the increase of the partial pressure of chlorine in the atmosphere, the sulfides of chromium would be transformed first, and then the sulfides of iron would be transformed. Finally, the technical characteristics and protection principles of high-temperature heating surface engineering such as thermal spraying, surfacing welding and laser cladding were discussed.