Abstract: Under the goal of carbon neutrality, Chinese coal power industry has encountered unprecedented development pressure, It is urgent to explore a development path that can not only meet the needs of the energy system but also take into account carbon emission reduction policies. This paper first expounded the opportunities of Chinese coal power industry to achieve carbon neutrality goal from three aspects: the position of fossil energy in global energy consumption, the position of coal in Chinese fossil energy, and the position of coal power in Chinese power industry. Then it sorted out the challenges faced by Chinese coal power industry in achieving the carbon neutrality goal from four aspects: clean and low carbonization, in-depth adjustment and flexibility, functional diversification and intelligent energy. The main results show that: 1) Fossil energy accounts for more than 80% of global energy consumption, as is the case in many developed countries, which is still the main energy source. It is predicted that Chinese coal consumption in 2030 and 2050 will account for 45% and no more than 24% of primary energy consumption, respectively, accounting for the highest proportion of a single type of energy. Coal will remain the ballast stone for Chinese energy security and stable supply in a long period of time. It is difficult to change the status of Chinese coal power in the power supply guarantee in the short term. By 2060, it may still need to retain about 500 million kW of coal power installed capacity to ensure energy security. 2) The realization of clean and low carbonization in coal-fired power plants is the primary challenge for China to achieve carbon neutrality. It is necessary to gradually demonstrate and promote the low carbon-zero carbon-negative carbon technology of coal-fired power plants,which is mainly reflected in: I) 50. 5% of the subcritical and below coal-fired power units will achieve low-carbon emission reduction through energy-saving and consumption-reducing upgrades and the elimination and shutdown of outdated units. II) The most advanced coal-fired power units will be mixed with 30% biomass fuel,which can achieve the same carbon emission per unit of power supply as gas-fired power plants,and they will be achieve zero carbon emissions until all biomass fuels are replaced. III) Demonstration application of biomass-carbon capture and storage（ BECCS） technology will achieve negative carbon emissions from coal power units. The above approaches can help build a new type of power system with Chinese characteristics with new energy as the main body,supporting the green,low-carbon and high-quality energy development,which ensure national energy security and achieve carbon neutrality successfully.