Abstract: The design of pipeline structures with top pipes adopts a plane strain model and assumes that the pipe circumference is a homogeneous foundation soil. By selecting typical geological conditions for internal force calculation and reinforcement of the pipeline structure, once the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil set in the engineering design do not match the actual situation, engineering quality problems can be caused.Based on a large-diameter pipe jacking project in a composite formation, the load structure method and the formation structure method were used to analyze the internal force variation of the pipe joint under different geological conditions on the pipe side wall. The results showed that when the vertical load was constant, the better the physical and mechanical parameters of the pipe side soil, and the lower the groundwater level, the greater the calculated internal force of the pipeline. When the top of the channel is covered with backfill soil, the greater the formation loss rate,the greater the inner strength of the pipeline structure. During construction, the formation loss rate should be strictly controlled to ensure the safety of the pipeline structure.