万玲玲, 陈中, 王毅, 张梓麒. 考虑能量时空转移的城市规模化共享电动汽车充放电优化调度[J]. 电力建设, 2023, 44(6): 135-143.
引用本文: 万玲玲, 陈中, 王毅, 张梓麒. 考虑能量时空转移的城市规模化共享电动汽车充放电优化调度[J]. 电力建设, 2023, 44(6): 135-143.
WAN Ling-ling, CHEN Zhong, WANG Yi, ZHANG Zi-qi. Optimal Charging and Discharging Scheduling of Urban Large-Scale Shared Electric Vehicles Considering Energy Temporal and Spatial Transfer[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2023, 44(6): 135-143.
Citation: WAN Ling-ling, CHEN Zhong, WANG Yi, ZHANG Zi-qi. Optimal Charging and Discharging Scheduling of Urban Large-Scale Shared Electric Vehicles Considering Energy Temporal and Spatial Transfer[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2023, 44(6): 135-143.

考虑能量时空转移的城市规模化共享电动汽车充放电优化调度

Optimal Charging and Discharging Scheduling of Urban Large-Scale Shared Electric Vehicles Considering Energy Temporal and Spatial Transfer

  • 摘要: 共享电动汽车(electric vehicles, EV)的发展不仅为用户提供了便捷的出行方式,也为城市电网提供了高效的灵活调节资源,规模化共享EV出行和充放电行为复杂、随机性强,对其建立充放电控制模型需要考虑多元利益主体的在线滚动协同,计算量大且实时性要求高。首先,采用基于荷电状态区间的聚合建模方法,根据荷电状态确定共享电动汽车的能量时空转移状态,对规模化EV的充放电优化调度进行降维处理。然后,考虑运营商利益、有限理性用户累积前景效用以及电网需求响应等多元主体收益,构建了基于深度强化学习的充放电优化模型,并采用深度Q网络方法进行求解,可实时在线获得面向城市不同区域共享EV的充放电聚合优化策略,有效应对随机性带来的影响。最后,结合某市9区域共5 000辆共享EV的实际运营数据,通过算例分析验证了城市内部共享EV具有能量时空转移特性,所提建模方法与求解策略在保证多元主体利益的目标下能够有效解决大规模共享EV充放电优化调度问题。

     

    Abstract: The development of shared electric vehicles does not only provide users with a convenient way to travel but also provides efficient and flexible adjustment for urban power grid resources, large-scale shared electric vehicle(EV) travel and charge-discharge behavior, strong randomness, complex charging and discharging control model online rolling together to consider multiple stakeholders, large amount of calculation, and high real-time requirements. First, this study uses the aggregation modeling method based on the SOC interval to determine the energy transition state in time or space of shared EV; it also reduces the dimension of the optimal charging and discharging schedule of large-scale EVs. Thereafter, we consider the operator profit and utility of the limited rational users’ cumulative prospect as well as the power demand response on multiple subject gains. Moreover, the optimization model of charge and discharge depth is constructed based on reinforcement learning. Next, the deep Q net is applied to solve the network method, and real-time online sharing of EV charging and discharging aggregation optimization strategy in the different regions is achieved. In addition, the model effectively copes with the effects of randomness. Finally, combined with the actual operation data of 5000 shared EVs in 9 regions of a city, numerical example analyses verify that shared EVs within the city have the characteristics of time-space transfer of energy. The modeling method and solving strategy proposed in this study are effective in solving the optimization scheduling problem of large-scale shared EV charging and discharging while aiming to ensure the interests of multiple subjects.

     

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