Performance Analysis and Efficiency-Improving Technology of Underwater Compressed Air Energy Storage for Offshore Wind Power
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摘要: 水下压缩空气储能(underwater compressed air energy storage, UCAES)技术定压储取能，系统能量回收效率高且储能密度大，与海上风电在空间位置上天然契合。为提高UCAES的性能，构建了储取能过程数学模型，模拟分析了影响UCAES性能的关键因素并探索了提效技术。主要研究成果如下：1)针对数学模型的求解难题，提出了以能量回收效率最高作为目标函数和以热回收介质流量作为决策变量的求解方法，确定了空气和热回收介质的最佳质量配比；2)为明确定容和定压压缩空气储能的性能差异，通过对比分析了二者的工作过程，揭示了储罐压力的变化是影响性能的最关键因素，UCAES的能量回收效率和储能密度比定容压缩空气储能分别提高8.25%和120.82%;3)量化分析了设备性能和储能深度对储能性能的影响，指出提高膨胀机效率对能量回收效率的提升更有效，而深度直接决定了储能密度；4)提出了电加热提升膨胀机进气温度的提效技术，该技术提高了系统发电量并产生大量热能，加热用电能中约1/3又转化为电能，约60%转化为可利用热能，为北方濒海城市可再生能源规模化供暖提供了新选择。成果可为后续UCAES工程的建设和推广提供参考，可为海上风电的大规模发展提供坚实支撑。
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关键词:
- 水下压缩空气储能(UCAES) /
- 海上风电配储 /
- 海上风电 /
- 海上可再生能源发电
Abstract: Underwater compressed air energy storage（UCAES） has high energy recovery efficiency（round-trip efficiency） and energy storage density owing to the storage and release of energy at constant pressure and naturally corresponds to offshore wind power in terms of spatial position. To improve its performance, a mathematical model of UCAES describing the process of energy storage and release is built, the key factors affecting the performance are simulated and analyzed, and some technologies for performance improvement are explored. The main research results are as follows: 1) To solve the mathematical model, the highest energy recovery efficiency is taken as the objective function and the mass flow rate of heat recovery media as the decision variable. Subsequently, the optimum mass ratio of air to heat recovery media is determined. 2) To clarify the performance difference between UCAES and tank compressed air energy storage（TCAES）, their working processes are analyzed by comparing them. The results show that the change in tank pressure is the most critical factor affecting performance. Compared with TCAES, the energy recovery efficiency and energy storage density of UCAES increased by 8.25% and 120.82%, respectively. 3) A specific quantitative analysis of the effect of equipment performance and storage depth is performed, showing that improving the efficiency of the expander is more effective in improving the energy recovery efficiency, and depth directly determines the energy storage density. 4) An efficiency improvement technology is proposed and investigated by increasing the expander inlet temperature using electrical energy. The results show that approximately 1/3 of the electrical energy used for electric heating is converted into electrical energy again, and about 60% is converted into available heat energy, which provides a new option for renewable energy heating in the northern coastal city. The results of this study can provide a reference for follow-up project construction, and the promotion of UCAES can provide solid support for the large-scale development of offshore wind power. -
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