促进间歇性可再生能源发电消纳的水电定价与能量管理策略
Hydropower Pricing and Energy Management Strategies for Promoting Accommodation of Intermittent Renewable Energy Power Generation
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摘要: 小水电站是电力系统中重要的灵活性资源,可以促进风电、光伏等间歇性可再生能源(intermittent renewable energy,IRE)的开发与利用。在此背景下,研究了促进IRE发电消纳的水电定价与能量管理策略。首先,根据小水电站的日调节能力,将其分为统一调度水电站(coordinately-scheduled hydropower station,CHS)和自主调度水电站(independently-scheduled hydropower station,IHS)两类,并基于Stackelberg博弈提出了包含多个主体的水电定价与能量管理框架。然后,构建了双层优化决策模型,上层用于制定针对IHS的水电峰谷电价,并确定CHS的发电出力,决策目标是弃水量与弃风弃光量的加权和最小;下层用于IHS确定各自的发电功率,决策目标是各自的发电收益最大。接着,应用Karush-Kuhn-Tucker条件与强对偶理论方法将所得到的非凸非线性优化问题转化为混合整数线性规划问题,并采用Yalmip/Gurobi求解器求解。最后,用IEEE标准算例系统对所提方法的可行性进行了说明,仿真结果表明所提出的水电定价与能量管理策略可以提升对IRE发电的消纳。Abstract: Small hydropower stations could contribute to the development and utilization of intermittent renewable energy (IRE) power generation such as wind power and solar power,as a significant flexible resource in a power system. Given this background,hydropower pricing and energy management strategies for promoting accommodation of large amount IRE power generation are addressed. First,small hydropower stations are divided into two classes according to their daily regulation capacity,namely coordinately-scheduled hydropower stations (CHS) and independently-scheduled hydropower stations (IHS),and a framework of hydropower pricing and energy management with multiple entries considered is proposed on the basis of a Stackelberg game. Then,a bi-level optimization model is established,where the peak-valley electricity prices for the IHS as well as the power output of the CHS are determined at the upper level,with an objective of minimizing the curtailment of IRE power generation and hydropower. Each IHS determines its own power output at the lower level,with an objective of maximizing its generation profit,and a non-linear bi-level optimization problem is attained. The optimization problem is transformed into a mixed integer liner programming problem by applying the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT)optimality condition and the strong duality theory,which can be solved by the Yalmip/Gurobi solver. Finally,case studies based on an IEEE sample system are carried out and simulation results demonstrate that the developed strategies could promote the accommodation of IRE generation.