Abstract: High-power energy storage devices have significant advantages such as the high power density and rapid charge-discharge speeds. High-power energy storage devices have been widely used for a variety of applications requiring high power output and quick response time, such as grid frequency regulation, emergency starting for military armored vehicles, and energy recovery of port lifting equipment. Focusing on the mainstream power storage devices including supercapacitors, high-power metal ion batteries and metal ion hybrid capacitors, the basic working principles of various high-power electrochemical energy storage technologies were introduced, and the improvement strategies and research progress of domestic and foreign scholars in the electrode materials and electrolytes of high-power electrochemical energy storage devices were systematically summarized. Finally, the future research directions and application trends of high-power electrochemical energy storage technologies were forecasted.