Abstract: In the context of energy security of concern, thermal power plants, as the primary energy supplier,must have the ability to deal with emergencies. Evaluation is made on the emergency capacity building of thermal power plants, analysis is conducted on the importance and current situation of emergency capacity building of thermal power plants as well as the influencing factors of emergency plans, emergency drills, material reserves and personnel training, based on which the improvement measures are proposed to optimize the emergency capacity building of thermal power plants.