Abstract: Analysis is carried out on the shortcomings in the method of assessing operation condition risks of line engineering projects, and the accident statistical coefficient, engineering risk coefficient and the analytic hierarchy process approach are applied to improve the operation condition risk assessment method so as to increase the grade of the dangerous and harmful factors involved in the accidents and major dangerous projects and solve the problem that the accuracy of risk assessment is not high. The improved method presents effective,maneuverable, easy to popularize and implement, and available to effectively implement the hierarchical control of safety risks and avoid the occurrence of personal injuries and death accidents in line engineering projects.