Abstract: To standardize the construction of safety production management system in thermal power generation enterprises, eradicate the occurrence of "two skins" phenomena in the safety production management,and effectively enhance the safety production management level, the similarities and disparities in production safety management during the construction and operation phases of thermal power generation enterprises and the underlying causes of the differences are analyzed by sorting out organizational structure, legal framework,responsibility parties, management approaches and other aspects, the criteria for identifying responsible parties in production safety are clarified, and the "Industry 4.0"-based key principles and methodologies for supervision and control as well as basic management of safety production are proposed, while summarizing the scope of adaptation and management boundaries pertaining to production safety management systems during different phases, which offers a theoretical foundation for enterprises’ safety production management activities.