Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the action mechanism of the complex environment on the operation characteristic of smart electricity meter is not clear, with the help of the long-term field operation test in the high humidity and heat environment, the variation law of the metering error of the smart electricity meter with the calendar time is studied, and the influence of current, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, light and air pressure on the metering error of electricity meter is analyzed, the influence law of electrical and environmental factors on the operation characteristics of electricity meter is explained by means of the mean value and standard deviation of metering error, and the evolution law model of metering error is obtained. By quantifying the influence of electrical and environmental factors on the metering error of smart electricity meters, it is found that the load current is the principal factor affecting the metering characteristics of smart electricity meters, temperature and humidity are the secondary factors affecting the metering characteristics of smart electricity meters, and the influence of wind speed on the metering characteristics of smart electricity meters is weakest. The research results have reference value for improving the reliability and stability of smart electricity meters.