Abstract: This paper reviewed the unsustainable and climate-relevant nature of the current global energy structure which is based on fossil energy,introduced the basic aspects of the global carbon neutrality paths.It focused on the main tasks,difficulties and path selection for China to achieve the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”. It emphasized on the status and role of nuclear in the transformation of China’s energy structure and the realization of carbon neutrality,and described the exploration and practice of Shandong Nuclear Power Company in promoting carbon neutrality through the comprehensive utilization of nuclear.Finally,this paper offered some suggestions for the future development of nuclear industry in China.