反应堆压力容器直接安注工况下的旁流现象数值仿真分析
Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of the Bypass Phenomena during Direct Vessel Injection in the Reactor Pressure Vessel
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摘要: 采用直接安注技术的反应堆在发生大破口事故(LB-LOCA)时,从直接安注接管进入压力容器的冷却水会有一部分在反应堆压力容器环腔内高速水蒸汽的夹带下不经过堆芯而从破口冷管段直接流出,这部分旁流量会减少流经堆芯的冷却水,对堆芯安全性至关重要。本研究以典型百万千瓦级三环路压水堆中一个环路的冷管段发生LB-LOCA事故为例,建立了再淹没阶段的反应堆环腔数值模型,采用CFD方法研究了反应堆内汽液两相流动规律,获得了安注水通过直接安注接管进入压力容器后的旁流份额和环腔内液位的动态变化特性。研究结果表明,计算得到的两相流动特性与类似实验观察到的关键物理现象一致。本研究建立的数值模型和分析方法能够应用在直接安注技术方案论证设计中。Abstract: The water injected through the direct vessel injection(DVI) nozzle is easily bypassed out to the broken cold leg by a cross flow of high-speed steam in the downcomer during a large-break loss-of-coolant accident(LB-LOCA) for the reactor using DVI technology. This bypass fraction of the injected water due to the cross flow could reduce the water into the reactor core,which is considered to be an important safety issue. A numerical model during the LB-LOCA reflood phase is developed to investigate the steam-liquid two-phase flow behavior for a typical pressurized water reactor. The bypass fraction and the water level in the downcomer with the time are obtained for evaluating the cross flow effects by computational fluid dynamics(CFD) analysis.It is found that the present study could model the key physical phenomena reported in other experimental study. The results indicated that this analysis practice could be guidance for the DVI design and improve our understanding of the reactor thermal-hydraulic behavior.