Abstract: Nuclear Power Plants（ NPPs） have the outstanding advantages of high energy density,high single unit power,long-term stable operation et al. It is suitable for undertaking large-scale power grid base load,and can replace fossil energy on a large scale.It is not only the most realistic choice for global powers to deal with climate change and low-carbon energy structure transformation, but also the inevitable choice for China to achieve the “dual carbon target”.Compared with other energy sources,nuclear power has its particularity,especially safety and reliability,which brings a lot of uncertainty to the large-scale development of nuclear power.From the perspective of facing the major national needs,this paper analyzes the development trend,main problems and challenges of China’s nuclear power under the dual carbon target,so as to provide reference and suggestions for the sustainable development of China’s nuclear power.