Abstract: "Carbon peak and carbon neutrality" is an energy strategic goal put forward by China. The realization of this goal should be carried out in all aspects, especially in the energy and power industries. The energy conservation and emission reduction work of thermal power plants is of great significance to achieve the "double carbon" goal. The energy conservation technical supervision work of thermal power plants can not only help power plants reduce energy consumption in planning, design, manufacturing, construction and other aspects, but also reasonably optimize energy consumption in the process of operation, maintenance and technical transformation. Therefore, carrying out energy-saving technical supervision in thermal power plants can not only reduce resource consumption, but also provide guidance for energy conservation and emission reduction, and help achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality。