Abstract: 10kV distribution line is a common line type in power system. Its stability and safe operation have a direct impact on the stability and safety of the whole power system. However, in the actual operation of 10kV distribution lines, it is easy to be affected by human factors, environmental factors, equipment factors and other factors, resulting in a variety of faults. Therefore, when developing the power industry, we should attach great importance to the safety risk management of 10kV distribution lines, actively explore scientific and effective methods of fault prevention and treatment of 10kV distribution lines, so as to effectively reduce and eliminate faults and ensure the stable and safe operation of distribution lines and networks. Now, based on the experience summary, this paper explores the fault causes, fault finding methods, fault prevention and solutions, hoping to improve the guidance for the fault treatment of 10kV distribution lines.