Abstract: The design of offshore wind power engineering has put forward higher requirements for the study of the surface structure and sediment transport characteristics of the seabed. This article systematically studies the shallow layer structure, suspended sediment transport characteristics, and surface sediment transport characteristics in the Xinghua Bay area of Fujian Province, and calculates them based on empirical formulas. The study found that the overall surface sediment types in the study area are roughly distributed in an irregular ring shape around the islands, with coarse sediment particles. Most of the sediment in the sea area is poorly sorted, which is consistent with the current dynamic environment; The median particle size of suspended sediment in the study area is mainly distributed between 0.003 mm and 0.539 mm, with an average median particle size of 0.122 mm; Study the impact of tidal waves on the nearshore areas around islands in the sea area. The distribution of sediment in island waterways is jointly controlled by lateral circulation and fluctuating currents within the waterways. The regional sediment transport model under the influence of ocean circulation controls the overall characteristics of sedimentation in the study area; In addition, the research area is located at the end of the muddy area along the Fujian Zhejiang coast. Due to the influence of the Fujian Zhejiang coastal currents, there are significant seasonal differences in sediment transport processes. In summer, sediment transport is weak from south to north, and to the sea; In winter, sediment is transported from north to south, but the transport capacity of coastal currents is weakened in the study area. In winter, sediments can be transported to the open sea through shear fronts. This model leads to the complex sediment supply sources in the study area during the high sea level period, but the total amount of sediment is relatively small, so the sedimentary layer formed is relatively thin.