Abstract: With the extensive application of sensor technology, communication technology, and cloud computing technology in the smart grid, the intelligent and information construction of the smart grid is promoted, the power grid dispatching and data analysis and processing capabilities are strengthened, and the safe, stable and economic operation capabilities of the smart grid are enhanced. The power Internet of Things has the characteristics of comprehensive state perception, efficient information processing, convenient and flexible application. The perception layer is the key level of the power Internet of Things, and the basis of the data source and the Internet of Things. This paper focuses on the different application scenarios of the operational perception, auxiliary perception and patrol perception of the power IoT perception layer. It adopts the communication technology of wired private network, wireless public network and short-range wireless private network, and adopts the hierarchical partition star network architecture to greatly improve the penetration of equipment status control and operation and maintenance management through "comprehensive perception". Strengthen the perception breadth and depth of the panoramic information of the energy station, and lay a solid foundation for the construction of the smart energy grid.