English Version Journal Login
EN
最新刊期
卷 49 ， 期 7 ， 2025
- 摘要：The power system with high proportion of renewable energy and high proportion of power electric equipment presents the characteristics of weak inertia and low short-circuit ratio, and the grid-following renewable energy cannot independently provide the transient frequency and voltage support required by the system. The adoption of grid-forming control is regarded as the key to solving this problem. Grid-forming converters manifest voltage source characteristics. However, due to the limited overcurrent capability of power devices, controlling transient currents during faults poses a challenge. Full-power direct-drive wind turbine units can employ DC voltage synchronization to achieve grid-forming, and an additional current controller is applied to suppress transient currents for fault ride-through. Nevertheless, this method still experiences impact currents during fault occurrence and recovery moments, risking the loss of transient support capability due to protection control strategy for converters. In response to this issue, by analyzing the short-circuit current generation mechanism and power response mechanism of grid-forming full-power wind turbine units using DC voltage synchronization during grid faults, an improved transient control method is proposed. The method employs a voltage vector limiter to achieve rapid matching of internal potential with fault voltage to limit the steady-state component of short-circuit current. Additionally, a nonlinear virtual resistor is introduced to achieve fast control of internal potential compensation to suppress the transient component of short-circuit current. Furthermore, during faults, the synchronization loop and reactive power loop are blocked to maintain the voltage source characteristics of the unit and achieve autonomous power response. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified through simulation and experimental validation.This pFoundationroject is supported by National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2022YFB2402703) and State Grid Corporation of China (No. 52272222001J).关键词：grid-forming control;wind turbine unit;DC voltage synchronization;transient control;short-circuit current4|3|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：With the large-scale integration of renewable energy generators, the power system faces a severe risk of transient synchronization instability. The grid-forming converter controlled by the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) simulates the dynamic characteristics of the synchronous generator to achieve synchronization with the power grid, which has good frequency and voltage support ability. In order to accurately quantify the effects of virtual inertia and damping on the transient synchronization stability of VSG, this paper proposes a transient synchronization stability analysis method of VSG based on the iterative equal area criterion. Based on the principle of energy conservation, an iterative algorithm is designed to obtain the frequency-power angle distribution function of the converter under critical stability conditions. Thus, the effects of VSG inertia and the work done by the damping term on the acceleration and deceleration areas of the transient process are accurately quantified. By comparing the sizes of transient stability regions with different controller and grid parameters, the influence of parameters on the transient stability boundary is quantified. Finally, the MATLAB/Simulink simulation and the RT-LAB hardware-in-the-loop experiments are used to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed stability analysis method. The conservatism of the proposed iterative equal area criterion is extremely low, and can realize the accurate and fast calculation of the transient stability boundary.关键词：grid-forming converter;virtual synchronous generator (VSG);transient synchronization stability;inertia;damping;iterative equal area criterion4|1|1更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：To protect power electronics with limited withstand voltage and current capability, virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) are typically configured with multiple controller limits, which are inevitably triggered during the transient process. This paper analyzes the transient synchronization stability of embedded power systems with multi-VSG incorporating current and frequency limiting, and proposes a control method to ensure the system stability. First, the dynamic model of a multi-VSG system with current limiting is established, and the transient energy function (TEF) is constructed. Using the nearest unstable equilibrium point (UEP) method, the maximum energy required to maintain stability in an untriggered limiting system is determined. Then, the influence of frequency limiting is analyzed. It is found that the two points with the lowest energy on the frequency limiting curve, which have only kinetic energy, are the leaving boundary points. And a control method is proposed to reset the system operation point to these two special leaving boundary points after triggering the frequency limiting. Finally, the maximum energy that prevents the multi-VSG system from entering the current limiting mode is determined by using an optimization method. The frequency limiting value at these special leaving boundary points is configured based on the minimum value, ensuring the global stability of the multi-VSG system with both current and frequency limiting. The correctness of the proposed theory is proven by simulation analysis and hardware test of the 9-bus power system.关键词：virtual synchronous generator;current limiting;frequency limiting;transient synchronization stability;transient energy function;leaving boundary point4|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：When doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines operate under an unbalanced power grid, the system has positive- and negative-sequence paths. With the weakening of power grid strength, the coupling between the turbine and the grid intensifies, and disturbances in unbalanced stator voltage will affect the normal operation of the system. In order to study the unbalanced operation and stability mechanism of doubly-fed wind turbine units under a weak grid, first, a small-signal state-space model of DFIG-based wind turbines is constructed, and the stability and unbalanced degree of positive- and negative-sequence rotor current control are analyzed based on the system model. Then, the optimal control strategy based on adaptive virtual impedance is proposed to realize the cooperative compensation for the unbalanced stator voltage and current under the weak grid. The theoretical analysis proves that the proposed strategy effectively improves the stability of the DFIG-based wind turbines under the unbalanced weak grid. Finally, through the hardware-in-the-loop experiment platform, the effectiveness of the proposed optimization strategy is verified.关键词：weak grid;doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine;unbalanced power grid;grid-forming control;negative-sequence control;state-space modeling6|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The wind power connected sending-end grid is electrically far away from the main grid, lacking the support of synchronous generators, which shows distinct weak grid characteristics. Therefore, the voltage oscillation phenomenon is likely to occur, threatening the safe and stable operation of power systems. Its dynamic process and evolution mechanism need to be studied urgently. First, the conditions for voltage oscillation caused by repeated low voltage ride-through of wind turbines are analyzed through steady-state power flow calculation. Then, based on the switched system theory, considering the external connection impedance and internal control dynamics of the wind turbine, a switched system model for the grid-side converter of wind turbine is established. Next,by substituting relevant parameters, the dynamic evolution process of the terminal current, voltage, and power during the repeated low voltage ride-through period of the wind turbine is analyzed, and the mechanism of voltage oscillation is revealed. Finally, the voltage oscillation phenomenon of the wind turbine at the grid-connected point is reproduced through simulation, and the correctness of theoretical analysis results is verified. Furthermore, the main factors influencing the characteristics of voltage oscillations are explored as well.关键词：wind turbine;switched system;low voltage ride-through;voltage oscillation;evolution mechanism;modeling4|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：During the dynamic process of system oscillation occurring after disturbances in the power electronics dominated system, the unbalanced power at device ports drives the adjustment of amplitude/frequency (A/F) of the the internal voltage, subsequently altering the AC voltage/current in the network, so each alternating electrical variable evolves in the form of its A/F being modulated. The A/F modulation process of the formation and evolution of the AC signal leads to profound changes in its oscillation characteristics. Therefore, this paper aims to clarify the oscillation characteristics of the AC signal based on the formation and evolution mechanism of the A/F modulation of the AC signal and proposes a demodulation method for the corresponding signal feature extraction. Firstly, according to the basic principle of system operation, this paper introduces the A/F modulation mechanism of AC signals during the dynamic process of the system small-disturbance, clarifying the A/F modulation characteristics that determine the formation and evolution of AC signals during the intial stages of the oscillation process. Subsequently, it proposes a demodulation method and its implementation measures for extracting the A/F modulation characteristics of AC signals. Finally, by combining different scales of simulations and experiments, the rationality of the modulation formation and evolution mechanism of AC signals during system dynamic processes is verified, along with the effectiveness of the proposed demodulation method for feature extraction.关键词：small-disturbance dynamic process;amplitude/frequency (A/F) modulation;oscillation;demodulation5|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The integration of grid-following and grid-forming converters to the power grid brings different influences to the medium-frequency stability of the system. To analyze the differences between the two influences in the medium-frequency band, this paper first establishes the small-signal sequence impedance models of grid-following and grid-forming converters based on the harmonic linearization method. The sequence impedance characteristics in the medium-frequency band of the grid-following and grid-forming converters are compared. Based on the sequence impedance model, the influence of the filter inductance of the converter, the current inner loop and the phase-locked loop of the grid-following converter, and the active power damping coefficient and the virtual rotational inertia coefficient of the grid-forming converter on the impedance characteristics of the converters in the medium-frequency band is analyzed in detail. The dominant factors affecting the medium-frequency band are obtained by using the impedance sensitivity analysis method. Then, the influence of the interaction impedance on the joint impedance characteristics of the converter is analyzed by using the superposition theorem. The stability criterion of the three-port network composed of the grid-connected system with grid-following and grid-forming converters is derived. The influence of the system parameters and the output power on the joint impedance of grid-following and grid-forming converters is analyzed. In addition, from the perspective of joint impedance, the influence of different power proportions of the two types of converters on the system stability is further explored. The positive resistance characteristic of the grid-forming converter can mitigate the negative damping characteristic introduced by the control link of the grid-following converter, so that the grid-following converter can transition from negative resistance and capacitance to positive resistance and inductance, which enhances the stability of the oscillation in the medium-frequency band under the grid-following control, and suppresses the system oscillation well. Finally, the correctness of the analysis results is verified by the electromagnetic simulation software.关键词：grid-following converter;grid-forming converter;medium-frequency oscillation;impedance characteristic;oscillation suppression4|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The interaction between the phase-locked loop (PLL) and the DC voltage control loop of a power electronic converter under weak grid conditions may trigger oscillations. In order to reduce the risk of oscillation caused by the grid-connected converters, a method for determining the boundary of the security region for the control parameter is proposed. By studying the relative constraint relationship of the control bandwidth, the influence law of each control parameter on the interaction between the main control links of the grid-connected converter and between the controller and the weak grid is quantitatively analyzed. First, from the perspective that the dynamic response characteristics of the overlapped region of the controller bandwidth are similar, a mathematical analytical expression model of the closed-loop transfer function of the outer DC voltage loop covering the grid strength and each control link is established. Then, based on the analytical expression of this transfer function, the boundary of the security region for the control bandwidth ratio is solved by using the Nyquist stability criterion and stability margin constraints. The result can guide the design of the PLL and DC voltage control bandwidths under weak grid conditions and map it to the security region for each control parameter. In addition, the security region for control parameters intuitively reflects the influence of differences in parameter settings of the grid-connected converter on system stability, thereby guiding the adjustment direction of control parameters. Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are verified through PSCAD/EMTDC simulations.关键词：grid-connected converter;security region;control parameter;stability;interaction;phase-locked loop;DC voltage control4|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Large-scale photovoltaic (PV) clusters collects through multi-level AC transmission lines and transmits via flexible DC lines. They face the challenges such as long-distance transmission, frequent power flow fluctuations, and the lack of support from conventional synchronous power sources. The reactive power generation configuration becomes one of keys to ensure the stable operation of systems. Based on this, aiming at the sending-end system of large-scale PV clusters without synchronous power source support, the optimal configuration problems of reactive power compensation in substations at all levels in a multi-voltage level, high-capacity, long-distance AC transmission system are studied. To meet the requirements for the all-scenario adaptability of reactive power sources in reactive power planning, an envelope-based scenario set extraction method of the representative days is proposed, and a scenario decomposition and combination method is adopted to form a reactive power optimization and compensation sequence of the representative days quickly. Additionally, to improve the dynamic regulation capability of the system after disturbances, a multi-objective optimization model that considers the reactive power-voltage control margin of converter stations is proposed. Addressing the switching-state coupling issues of static reactive compensation devices caused by the fluctuations in the power output sequence of renewable energy, a dynamic clustering smoothing (DCS) method for grouping the configuration of reactive power compensation is proposed. Finally, the case verification is conducted on a practical large-scale PV sending-end system in the western region of China, and the verificaiton results demonstrate that the proposed method can comprehensively cover all the reactive power-voltage demands of operation scenarios and effectively improve the system stability while significantly reducing the computational complexity, and has good generality and efficiency.关键词：photovoltaic cluster;sending-end system;optimal reactive power configuration;static reactive power compensation;dynamic clustering smoothing;scenario decomposition and combination;renewable energy4|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The significant interactions between devices in grid-following and grid-forming interconnected systems present challenges in accurately quantifying system strength. To address this, firstly, the matching relationship between the closed-loop stability of grid-following and grid-forming systems and the open-loop network sensitivity from a dual perspective is discussed. Based on this, a power grid strength index reflecting current strength is introduced.Furthermore, the low-dimensional grid-following and grid-forming eigen-subsystems equivalent to the stability of the high-dimensional interconnected system are analytically obtained. Based on this, a two-dimensional index of the strength of the interconnected power system is proposed. This index can reflects the stability margins of both the grid-following and grid-forming eigen-subsystems simultaneously, thus enabling the effective assessment of the multi-frequency-band small-disturbance stability of the interconnected system. Combined with this index, the inference is drawn that an appropriate interconnected form of the power system is conducive to instability risk reduction of an both the grid-following and grid-forming systems simultaneously. Finally, simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and the correctness of the inference.关键词：interconnected system;power grid strength;eigen-subsystem;system strength;grid-following;grid-forming4|3|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The development of renewable energy bases in desert, Gobi and desertification land has given a strong push to the low-carbon transition of power systems. However, due to the lack of synchronous power source on site, these bases are characterized by low inertia and low short-circuit ratio. The reasonable configuration of grid-forming stations and condensers can effectively improve the inertia and voltage characteristics of the bases, but the existing research often focuses on only one of the two characteristics. Therefore, a coordinated configuration strategy of grid-forming stations and synchronous condensers considering both inertia and voltage support is proposed in this paper. First, the supporting capability mechanism of the grid-forming station and the synchronous condenser and the configuration relationship between them are analyzed. Then, based on the reactive power support coefficient, the priority order of grid-forming station reconstruction is built, and the preliminary configuration scheme of the grid-forming station is determined according to the order to meet the system inertia demand. Further, the synchronous condensers are configured to satisfy the constraint of the short-circuit ratio of multiple renewable energy stations, and the preliminary scheme is modified considering the inertia support provided by condensers. The configuration that maximizes the support capability of grid-forming stations and synchronous condensers is achieved eventually. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by the simulation with a renewable energy base located in the Gobi Desert and other arid areas in Northwest China which lacks the support of synchronous power source.关键词：Gobi Desert and other arid areas;renewable energy base;inertia;grid-forming station;synchronous condenser4|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Aimed at the transmission scenario of large-scale renewable energy bases in the Gobi Desert and other arid areas, an ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission scheme for large-scale renewable energy base based on the integration of source, grid, direct current and storage is proposed. The large-scale renewable energy base is divided into zones, and is integrated through multiple low-voltage voltage source converter based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) channels to the UHVDC sending-end converter station. The renewable energy side of the integration channels is equipped with energy storage devices featuring grid-forming control functions to mitigate power fluctuations and support the grid-connected voltage of renewable energy. The UHVDC system adopts line commutated converter based high voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) at the sending end and VSC-HVDC at the receiving end. The characteristics of the proposed scheme are analyzed in terms of applicable scenarios, operation features, and economic performance. A coordinated control strategy for multiple power electronic converters is also proposed. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is verified through simulations of steady-state and AC/DC transient conditions based on the PSCAD/EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation platform.关键词：Gobi Desert and other arid areas;ultra-high voltage DC (UHVDC);renewable energy base;grid-forming control;line commutated converter based high voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC);voltage source converter based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC);energy storage5|3|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The large-scale renewable energy generation bases mainly utilize the HVDC to transfer renewable energy generation. Online assessment for transfer capability of HVDC is a key technology for monitoring the operation security of renewable energy generation bases. Hence, considering the switching control characteristics of renewable energy generation during the fault ride-through process, an assessment method for HVDC transfer capability based on stacked target-related denoising autoencoder is proposed. First, the relation equations of the simplified model of the renewable energy generation transmission system through HVDC are derived and analyzed. The reasons that the switching control of renewable energy generation can aggravate the transient overvoltage levels and more severely restrict HVDC transfer capability are clarified. And the mathematical model of HVDC transfer capability calculation is constructed. Then, based on the stacked target-related denoising autoencoder, the assessment model of the maximum HVDC transfer capability is constructed. A switching weight selection mechanism is introduced to select the weight vector of the assessment model according to the sequential switching states of control modes, effectively taking into account the impact of switching control on HVDC transfer capability. Finally, an incremental updating method for the assessment model based on the orthogonal weight modification is proposed. The model weights are updated in the orthogonal direction of the previous sample feature space, which can decrease the adverse effect of catastrophic forgetting problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively adapt to the switching control characteristics of renewable energy generation, and achieve the fast and accurate assessment for the maximum HVDC transfer capability.关键词：renewable energy generation;HVDC transfer capability;switching control;machine learning;incremental updating4|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：For high-voltage direct current transmission systems with large-scale renewable energy, commutation failures may cause transient overvoltage problems at the sending end, leading to the disconnection risk of renewable energy. To ensure the safe and stable operation of the DC sending system under commutation failures, a response-driven assessment and suppression strategy for transient overvoltage is proposed. Firstly, integrating the squeeze-and-excitation (SE) module and the LeNet network, the overvoltage amplitude prediction model is established to explore the mapping relationship between the overvoltage level and key response features under normal operation conditions of the power grid. Secondly, the impact of the connection capacity of the condenser on AC bus voltage at the sending end is analyzed, and a simplified selection principle of condenser capacity is proposed based on overvoltage prediction results, preliminarily determining the number of condensers. Finally, dynamic reactive power characteristics of condensers during the commutation failure are analyzed, and an excitation control optimization strategy based on trigger angle is designed to weaken the anti-modulation effect and further suppress the transient overvoltage. The simulation results verify the accuracy of the proposed overvoltage assessment method and the effectiveness of the suppression strategy for a DC transmission system with a transient overvoltage problem.关键词：transient overvoltage;high-voltage direct current;commutation failure;response-driven;assessment;condenser4|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
Special Topic on Stable Operation and DC Transmission Technology for Large-Scale Renewable Energy Bases
- 摘要：To a certain extent, the difference in the location of geographical regions and functional attributes of regional grids result in the great difference in electric vehicle charging load within each grid. Aiming at the insufficient consideration of the difference in dynamic charging load distribution of electric vehicles in current research on electric vehicle charging demand forecasting, this paper proposes a data-driven grid charging demand forecasting method for private electric vehicles considering the differences of geographical regions and the diversity of user trips. Firstly, data mining on the travel tracks of private electric vehicle users, the urban traffic network, and other data types is conducted. Mathematical models are constructed to obtain the origin-destination information of multi-stage trips and the basic travel patterns of private electric vehicle users. Secondly, the latitude and longitude coordinates of each point of interest (POI) are mapped to the geographic network based on the geographic information system platform. Various POI quantity sets combined with users’ daily travel purposes in the geographical region grid are classified. The natural classification method is adopted to implement accurate grid division of the studied geographical region. The functional-area grid includes five categories: the work area, the business area, the living area, the residential area, and the mixed area. An origin-destination information probability matrix for each functional area is established during multiple periods. Combined with the obtained distribution results of private electric vehicles in each grid, this paper establishes an electric vehicle charging load forecasting model based on the Monte Carlo method to capture the continuous changes of electric vehicle electricity amount transferred between grids. Based on the actual historical data of electric vehicles in Suzhou, China, and taking a region of Suzhou as the application environment, the simulation of charging demand forecasting for private electric vehicles in each functional region is completed. The simulation results verify the rationality of regional grid division and the accuracy of charging demand forecasting.关键词：electric vehicle;private electric vehicle;charging demand forecasting;functional area;grid division;road network;spatio-temporal distribution5|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：An optimal power flow calculation method based on the reduced-dimension projection is proposed to solve the problem of optimal power flow in the integrated hydrogen-electricity energy system considering the uncertainty of wind power. Firstly, the centralized operation model of an integrated hydrogen-electricity energy system considering the uncertainty of wind power is established and equivalently transformed into a deterministic model. Then, the deterministic model is decomposed into subproblems for each subsystem. The reduced-dimension projection method is used to project the operation space of each subproblem into a lower-dimensional space, and the projected operation spaces of each subproblem are reconstrcted into a new convex hull.Next, by solving the optimal problem under the constraints of the reconstructed convex hull, the values of the common variables under the optimal cost of the integrated hydrogen-electricity energy system can be obtained. Furthermore, using the values of the common variables under the optimal cost to solve each subproblem, the power flow of each subsystem under the optimal cost can be obtained. This method conceals private information during the solution process and avoids iteration. Finally, the proposed method is tested on 6-6-node and 40-118-node integrated hydrogen-electricity energy systems, and the effectiveness, optimality, privacy protection, and other advantages of the proposed method are verified.关键词：reduced-dimension projection;hydrogen;integrated energy system;optimal power flow;uncertainty;decentralized optimization4|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Compared with traditional power systems dominated by synchronous generators, new power systems exhibit distinct characteristics such as low inertia and low damping, which introduce new challenges to ensuring stable operation for the system. To ensure that the system maintains a high level of inertia during each time, this paper proposes an optimal scheduling strategy for the inertia demand of new power systems based on the Stackelberg game. The strategy consists of leaders and followers, where the leader framework solves the problem of minimizing scheduling economic costs, and the follower framework solves the problem of optimizing system inertia configuration. This model considers the minimum inertia demand of the system and configures additional inertia reserves to cope with the scenarios with insufficient inertia, while ensuring the economic benefits of additional supplementary inertia and the optimal overall scheduling economy. When evaluating the inertia demand of the system, the inertia provided by the inverter interface resources is easily affected by its variable operation conditions, which is not conducive to the minimum inertia evaluation and inertia configuration of the system. Therefore, the concept of virtual inertia reliability is proposed, and virtual inertia reliability coefficients are given according to different operation conditions to improve the accuracy of inertia evaluation in renewable energy power plants. Case studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal scheduling strategy, demonstrating its ability to improve frequency stability during system operation while preserving economic efficiency.关键词：new power system;inertia;frequency stability;optimal scheduling;Stackelberg game;virtual inertia reliability4|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：In recent years, outages of higher power sources in the distribution network triggered by extreme disasters have occurred repeatedly. When formulating power restoration strategies solely at the operation level, the distribution network often faces the problem of insufficient power resources, making it difficult to ensure a continuous and reliable power supply for important loads. To address the above problems, a power restoration method for the distribution network based on the optimal configuration of the photovoltaic and energy storage is proposed to achieve the optimal balance between efficient resource utilization and reliable load preservation. Firstly, the Beta distribution model is used to fit the light intensity distribution, and a photovoltaic output model considering temporal characteristics is established. Secondly, a bi-level power restoration optimization model is constructed for the distribution network, incorporating both the siting and sizing of the photovoltaic and energy storage, and the dynamic islanding partition in extreme disaster scenarios. Among them, the upper-level model considers investment and operation costs, line loss costs, and load loss costs, while the lower-level model aims to maximize the restored load as the objective function. Through the depth first search algorithm, the preliminary island partitioning is achieved, and the power margin and energy margin indicators are used to implement dynamic islanding partition, thereby achieving the maximum load restoration in extreme disaster scenarios. Finally, the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method are verified by comparing the restoration effects and costs of different strategies through numerical cases.关键词：distribution network;extreme disaster;photovoltaic and energy storage;siting and sizing;dynamic islanding division;power restoration4|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：With the increasing penetration of renewable energy, the power quality disturbance (PQD) problem faced by the power grid has become more complicated. The traditional classification method based on one-dimensional PQD signals has difficulty in extracting and identifying periodic and trend disturbances at the same time. To address this problem, this paper proposes a PQD classification method based on time-series two-dimensional transformation and multi-scale Transformer. First, the time-series two-dimensional transformation is used to convert the one-dimensional PQD time series into a set of two-dimensional tensors based on multiple periods, to deeply mine the characteristic information contained in the PQD signals in the two-dimensional space. Then, the multi-scale feature map of the PQD signal is extracted through the multi-scale Transformer encoder module. And the multi-scale Transformer decoder module is used to splice and fuse the multi-scale feature maps, for effectively merging the feature maps extracted on different scales. Finally, the PQD classification task is accomplished through a fully connected layer and a Softmax classifier. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a dataset containing 24 kinds of PQD is established to test the model. The results indicate that the proposed method has a high classification accuracy and noise robustness for PQD signals.关键词：power quality;disturbance;classification;time-series two-dimensional transformation;multi-scale Transformer;feature extraction;feature fusion4|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
Basic Research
- Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09064830号-19
京公网安备11010802024621 - It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
- Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.
0