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卷 49 ， 期 3 ， 2025
- 摘要：As a typical interruptible load in steel plants, the hot rolling load has great potential in participating in the demands of power grid dispatching and control such as peak regulation. In recent years, with the successive introduction of demand-side electricity market policies, it is urgent to evaluate the regulation capacity of hot rolling loads while fully considering production characteristics and peak regulation service requirements. First, according to the production characteristics of multi-line, multi-product and continuous production of hot rolling loads, a multi-line model of hot rolling loads is established considering the demands of power grid dispatching and control. Then, on this basis, the correlation demand between the electricity peak regulation market and the production energy optimization in the hot rolling process is analyzed, and a comprehensive evaluation method for the adjustable power capacity is proposed, which takes into account both the peak regulation and cost constraints of multi-line hot rolling loads. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through the simulation case analysis, and the capacity, cost and key influencing factors of hot rolling loads participating in intra-day and day-ahead peak-regulation markets are analyzed.关键词：peak regulation;hot rolling load;electricity market;evaluation;production constraint;power grid dispatching and control7|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Energy-intensive industrial loads have high power consumption, high automation levels, and strong controllability, which show great demand response (DR) potentials and can be regarded as an important means to deal with the continuous expansion of the peak-valley difference in the new power system. Therefore, the estimation of the response behaviors of the industrial loads and the formulation of the relevant strategies are helpful to fulfill their DR potentials. Firstly, the response characteristics of the energy-intensive industrial loads are analyzed, and the specific threshold judgment method for industrial loads participating in peak regulation is proposed. Secondly, the models are established to describe the response behaviors of the typical industrial loads and the decision-making behavior of the dispatching and control center, respectively. Thirdly, considering the rationality of the behaviors for peak-regulation market participants, a 1-N non-cooperative game model is established to describe the interaction behaviors between the peak-regulation market participants. Then, the impact of the different incentive modes on peak-regulation market participants is further discussed, and the corresponding solution algorithm is given. Finally, the case simulation analyses are conducted with an industrial park, and the results verify that the proposed strategy has significant peak-regulation effects, and all the peak-regulation market participants can obtain the optimal benefits.关键词：new power system;demand response;peak regulation;industrial load;non-cooperative game;load modeling4|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Energy-intensive industrial loads, such as cement plants, have considerable potential for adjustment due to their high power consumption and low transformation costs, but their complex process requirements and strict process constraints limit the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in demand response. Therefore, this paper proposes an economic dispatch model considering the production process of the cement plant under demand response. Firstly, based on the latest demand-side market-oriented response electricity price policy, a joint price and incentive demand response strategy is proposed, and the potential of load-side adjustment under mixed scenarios with long-term peak shaving and valley filling and short-term supply-demand imbalance is explored. Then, the typical production process of the cement plant is analyzed. The coupling relationship of each production link is described by using the state-task network method. The production process constraints are proposed to ensure the production safety in the process of power regulation. The economic dispatch model of the cement production process oriented to demand response is constructed, and the most economical safety production plan is formulated for the cement plant. Finally, based on the production data of the cement plant, the simulation case analysis shows that the proposed model can reduce the comprehensive electricity cost of industrial enterprises on the premise of ensuring their production safety, improve the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in demand response, and realize the balance between the production power demand of enterprises and the needs of grid-side dispatch.关键词：industrial load;demand response;state-task network;production process;economic dispatch8|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：It is an effective way to promote the green development of industrial energy consumption by considering the potential of process scheduling and fully exploring the synergistic complementary characteristics of heterogeneous energy flows such as electricity, gas, cooling, and heat during the planning process of industrial integrated energy systems. This paper discusses the methods of unified modeling for typical industrial processes and optimal configuration for supply-demand energy equipment capacity from the perspective of integrated energy system planning. Firstly, an industrial integrated energy supply and demand scheme considering the difference of energy flow grade is designed. Then, the production-energy flow-carbon flow model and additional model of variable operation conditions for typical industrial processes are constructed to achieve the accurate depiction of process energy consumption. Finally, the planning model of industrial integrated energy systems considering the production-side process scheduling is proposed. To address the non-linear characteristics of the model, a linearization method based on discrete values of multi-linear terms is proposed to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of the solution. The case analysis shows that considering the potential of process scheduling during the planning process of industrial integrated energy systems can reduce the investment cost of industrial enterprises and total cost.关键词：industrial integrated energy system;unified modeling;process scheduling;optimal configuration;equipment capacity3|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Shore power systems reduce the emission of port area by shutting down the power generation equipment of docked ships, and is the central equipment of port energy-transportation integration. Its operation and planning play an important role in realizing the goal of “carbon neutrality” in the future port integrated energy system. In order to clarify the current research status and point out the bottleneck problems restricting the development of shore power systems, the port shore power system is reviewed from three aspects: environmental benefit assessment, technical standards and deployment schemes of shore power systems, policy planning and operation strategies of shore power systems. The analysis shows that the shore power system plays a key role in port green development, but the installation rate and utilization rate of shore power system present a great contradiction. In view of the future development of shore power system, three future development priorities are proposed, namely, the whole life cycle planning of shore power, the energy-transportation integration management of shore power system, and the multi-agent operation management of shore power system.关键词：shore power system;port;carbon emission reduction;energy-transportation integration;environmental benefit;renewable energy5|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
Power Supply and Demand Interaction for Re-electrification in Industrial Production Processes
- 摘要：Existing transient stability assessment methods based on graph deep learning consider the topological structure characteristics of power grids. However, the information transmission characteristics among multi-scale subgraphs in the topological structure of power grids are not effectively modeled, resulting in the insufficient capturing of the local and global dynamic coupling relationship of power grids by the stability judgment model, which reduces the stability judgment accuracy of the model under complex perturbations. Therefore, an assessment method for power angle transient stability integrating the information transmission process of multi-scale subgraphs is proposed. Firstly, a
- 摘要：The nonlinear bifurcation phenomenon caused by time delay in power systems containing wind power has an important influence on the system stability. The introduction of time delay may transform the wind power system into the infinite-dimensional power system, causing difficulty in describing the stability region of the system directly with bifurcation theory. Therefore, a stability region partition method based on Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction for time-delay wind power systems is proposed to realize the bifurcation analysis and small-signal stability region partitioning. Firstly, the nonlinear differential-algebraic equation (DAE) model of the system is established, various types of bifurcation points are located based on the extension method, and the small-signal stability region on the parameter plane is divided by this boundary. Secondly, considering the effect of time delay, a modified dynamics model of the wind power system is established. Then, the dimensionality of infinite-dimensional multi-time-delay wind power systems is reduced based on Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction. Then, by solving the finite-dimensional bifurcation map after dimensionality reduction, the distribution of the bifurcation points under the influence of time delay is obtained, and then the small-signal multiply connected stability region in the time-delay space is partitioned. Finally, the accuracy of the stability region partition in the time-delay space is verified by time domain simulation.关键词：wind power system;small-signal stability;bifurcation;stability region partition;time delay;Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction6|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：With the development of new power systems, renewable energy represented by wind power generation is widely utilized. Due to the influence of switching characteristics of electronic devices, wind turbines inevitably generate harmonics during the grid connection. During large-scale grid connections, the interaction between wind power cluster devices further exacerbates harmonic issues. Therefore, the measurement data based modeling method for harmonic characteristics of direct-drive wind turbines is proposed, which is used to analyze the harmonic characteristics of wind turbines in engineering practice. Firstly, the key influencing factors of harmonic characteristics at different frequencies are identified, and a harmonic characteristic analysis model for wind turbines is proposed, which simplifies the overall process of harmonic modeling for wind turbines. Secondly, based on the actual topology of wind power clusters, an aggregation harmonic model of wind power clusters is established, which clarifies the interactive effect of harmonics among wind turbines and quantifies the correlation between individual units and clusters considering the coupling effects between wind turbines. Finally, the harmonic characteristics of direct-drive wind turbines are validated by experiments; the accuracy for the aggregated harmonic model of clusters is validated by simulations, and the accuracy of wind power cluster modeling is improved.关键词：new power system;measurement data;direct-drive wind turbine;harmonic modeling;wind power cluster5|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Unlike traditional generators, the output current of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) with crowbar protection switched on contains a considerable rotor frequency component close to the power frequency, which cannot be filtered out by protection algorithms based on power frequency measurement principles, posing a challenge to the setting of the power frequency protection in the new power systems. Based on the time-domain expression of the DFIG output current with crowbar protection switched on, this paper comprehensively analyzes the different factors that affect the envelope intervals, explores the calculation method of each factor in the envelope intervals by categorizing and summarizing them, and obtains a two-layer overall calculation process. On this basis, the calculation method for the DFIG current envelope intervals with crowbar protection switched on is proposed. This method takes into account various possible fault conditions, and comprehensively considers the influence of different factors on the rotor frequency component, and obtains a more accurate output current envelope interval by setting discrete steps and solving point by point. The simulation of DFIG integrating the infinity system is carried out on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The results indicate that the errors between the calculated values of the proposed method and simulated values are relatively small, thus verifying the correctness of the proposed calculation method.关键词：protection value setting;fault condition;doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG);crowbar protection;power frequency measurement;envelope interval4|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：While the coupling relationship between the power grid and the natural gas network tends to be close, fault propagation across heterogeneous energy systems introduces new risks of cascading failures in the gas-electricity interconnected system. However, none of the related studies conducted at the current stage has taken into account the characteristics of gas temperature change during the transmission process of natural gas, which may make it difficult to reflect the actual evolution of cascading failures and conduct an accurate impact assessment. Firstly, this paper deduces the non-isothermal transport equation in the steady state of a natural gas pipeline and establishes the corresponding model. Through theoretical analysis and simulation, it is proven that there is a relationship among the gas flow rate, gas temperature, and pressure difference between the beginning and end of the pipeline. On this basis, a model for evaluating the cascading failures of gas-electricity interconnected system considering the non-isothermal characteristics of natural gas is proposed to more accurately assess the impact of natural gas on the cascading failures. Finally, the validity of the proposed model is verified with a test case consisting of an IEEE 39-bus system and a modified Belgian 20-bus natural gas system, and compared and analyzed with related studies based on the isothermal assumption. The results show that the proposed model can adequately reflect the non-isothermal characteristic of the natural gas system, with regard to its accuracy and practicality in assessing the impacts of cascading failures in the power system.关键词：natural gas;non-isothermal characteristic;gas-electricity interconnected system;cascading failure5|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Energy storage systems can smooth out fluctuations in renewable energy and store excess electricity. However, a single type of storage unit cannot meet demand due to limitations in response speed and capacity. To increase the capacity of islanded DC microgrids to accommodate renewable energy, this paper proposes a control scheme for an electricity-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system based on distributed model predictive control (DMPC). This scheme makes full use of the high power density of lithium batteries and the high energy density of unitized renewable hydrogen fuel cells. Firstly, DMPC controllers are designed for the electricity and hydrogen energy storage subsystems. Under normal operation conditions, the electricity and hydrogen energy storage systems respectively support high- and low-frequency loads, reducing the number of charging-discharging cycles for the batteries and extending their lifespan. Under the condition of hydrogen energy storage system shutdown, the electricity energy storage system independently supports the load to maintain system stability alone. Secondly, considering the different response speeds of the electricity and hydrogen energy storage systems, this paper introduces a weight-adaptive operator into the state-of-charge recovery term of the DMPC cost function. It prevents a significant drop in the average voltage recovery capability of the electricity energy storage system, which is responsible for rapid response, thereby improving DC voltage transient stability. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified through simulation by Simulink.关键词：islanded DC microgrid;distributed model predictive control;electricity-hydrogen hybrid energy storage;fuel cell;transient stability5|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：An optimal control method based on Nash equilibrium is proposed for hydrogen production systems with photovoltaic-storage coupling. The method regulates and distributes the output of photovoltaic, the charging/discharging power of the energy storage battery pack, and the input power of the hybrid electrolyzer. In the method, the output capacity of the energy storage battery pack, the power fluctuation rate of the hybrid electrolyzer and the sum of economic benefits generated by photovoltaic and hydrogen sales are selected as the three players. The corresponding payment functions of the players are then set up, and the optimal control model is built. In order to simulate and verify the proposed control method, a Nash equilibrium-based simulation model for the optimal control of hydrogen production systems with photovoltaic-storage coupling is established. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy not only reduces the abandonment rate of photovoltaic to less than 5%, but also optimizes the output power of the energy storage battery pack to maintain the range of the state of charge between 20% and 90%, effectively avoiding the overcharging and overdischarging. In addition, on the basis of maximizing the utilization of photovoltaic power generation, the input power of the hybrid electrolyzer is optimized to maximize hydrogen production. During the optimized operation of the hydrogen production system with photovoltaic-storage coupling, the operating voltage of the alkaline electrolyzer/proton exchange membrane electrolyzer fluctuates up and down by about 0.7%, and the bus voltage fluctuates up and down by about 0.2%, that is, the proposed strategy improves the operation performance of the whole system to a certain extent.关键词：hydrogen production;photovoltaic-storage coupling;alkaline electrolyzer;proton exchange membrane electrolyzer;energy storage;game theory;Nash equilibrium;optimal control8|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Under extreme high temperature, the cooling load of new power systems increases rapidly and the failure rate of transmission equipment increases, which makes it difficult to operate safely and reliably. To enhance the resilience of the new power system against such extreme high temperature, a differentiated planning based resilience enhancement scheme is proposed by taking into account the impact of critical loads on system resilience. Firstly, a relationship model between system load and line failure rates under high temperature is established to identify vulnerable lines. Secondly, to avoid the “overshadowing” phenomenon caused by neglecting critical loads in the assessment, a resilience assessment method that considers load classification is proposed. Then, considering the uncertainty of failures, based on differentiated planning, a two-stage robust optimization model for vulnerable lines and energy storage is established with the objective of minimizing operation costs and load losses. The column-and-constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm is also used to solve and obtain the optimal planning scheme. Finally, the effectiveness of the scheme is validated through numerical cases.关键词：extreme high temperature;new power system;resilience;differentiated planning;robust optimization5|3|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The existing optimal configuration methods of microphasor measurement units (μPMUs) fail to consider the frequent changes in the actual topology of distribution networks and the three-phase imbalance. Therefore, this paper proposes a combined optimal configuration method of μPMUs for three-phase unbalanced distribution networks considering network reconfiguration. Firstly, based on the three-phase unbalanced characteristics of distribution networks, the concept of zero-injection phase is put forward, and its effect on the local observability of the network is analyzed. Incorporating zero-injection phases into the μPMU configuration rules can effectively reduce the number of μPMUs that need to be configured for complete observability of the network. Secondly, to deal with the problem of partial unobservability caused by the changes in the topology of distribution networks, an optimal configuration model of μPMUs considering the dynamic reconfiguration of three-phase unbalanced distribution networks is proposed. This model takes the typical topology obtained by dynamic reconfiguration solution as the basis for μPMU configuration, and considers the cost differences between three-phase and single-phase μPMU configuration. While minimizing the combined configuration cost of μPMUs, the system measurement redundancy is improved. Finally, taking the IEEE 34-bus and IEEE 123-bus systems as cases for simulation verification, the results show that the proposed model can adapt to the changes in the topology of distribution networks and significantly reduce the configuration cost of μPMUs.关键词：distribution network;network reconfiguration;microphasor measurement unit;three-phase imbalance;zero-injection phase;optimal configuration5|0|1更新时间：2025-06-16
Basic Research
- 摘要：A two-stage optimization algorithm based on complementary constraints and absolute value linearization relaxation is proposed to efficiently solve the large-scale nonlinear day-ahead reactive power schedule optimization problems with multi-time period coupling absolute value constraints and integer variables. By using a linearization method to relax the multi-time period coupling absolute value constraints, and based on equivalence transformation between complementary conditions and discrete variables, the original problem is transformed into a continuous mathematical programming problem with complementary constraints. The solution steps are decomposed into two stages which are solved by the interior point method sequentially. Firstly, the approximate optimization solution for discrete variables is quickly obtained without considering complementary constraints. Then, the complete model with complementary constraints is solved to obtain the accurate optimization solutions for both discrete and continuous variables. In addition, a fast sparse storage calculation method is proposed to reduce the computational complexity of the integrated Hessian matrix during the iteration of the interior point method. The simulation results of standard test systems such as the IEEE 118-bus system and an actual provincial power grid demonstrate the effectiveness and rapidity of the proposed algorithm, as well as its engineering applicability in real large-scale power systems.关键词：day-ahead reactive power schedule;dynamic reactive power optimization;mixed-integer programming;absolute value linearization relaxation;complementary constraint;interior point method5|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The scenarios that cause safety problems, such as power flow overloads, in power systems are on the rise. Topology optimization can eliminate the problem of power flow overload by transforming the network topology. However, the complex model transformation logic and the introduction of large-scale integer variables significantly increase the complexity of modeling and the difficulty in solving. Therefore, this paper proposes a topology optimization method for the transmission network that considers the topology transformation of the main connection line. Firstly, based on the general transformation model for main connection topology of substations, a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) model is established. The model can not only consider the impact of topology transformation on active power flow, but also take into account the constraints of reactive power balance and voltage, solving the problem that previous topology optimization models based on DC power flow may have potentially optimistic scheduling modes or even deteriorated voltage indicators when eliminating the active power overload. Secondly, to solve the proposed model efficiently, an accelerated solution method for neighborhood search is proposed. Finally, simulation calculations are conducted on IEEE 14-bus, IEEE118-bus, and Polish 2383-bus systems. The results show that the proposed optimization model can solve the problem of line overload economically and effectively, and the proposed solving method can improve the solving efficiency of the proposed model.关键词：topology transformation;mixed-integer second-order cone programming;neighborhood search;topology optimization5|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The capacitor-inductor-inductor-capacitor (CLLC) resonant converter is an isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter with high operating efficiency and good soft switching characteristics, which is suitable for DC power systems. However, the traditional frequency modulation control used in resonant converters involves only one control variable, which makes it difficult to simultaneously maintain stable output voltage of the converter and optimize the resonant current. To enhance the overall operating efficiency of the CLLC resonant converter, this paper proposes an over-resonant frequency modulation and extended phase-shift control method based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm. This control method introduces two phase-shift control variables based on the frequency modulation control method, which increases the freedom degree of controlling the CLLC resonant converter. Moreover, based on the accurate time-domain model and utilizing the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the optimal operating point of the converter can be explicitly determined when employing the over-resonant frequency modulation and extended phase-shift control method. Thus, the operating efficiency of the converter under different operation conditions is significantly improved. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed current optimization method is verified through a 2 kW-level experimental prototype.关键词：DC power system;resonant converter;particle swarm optimization algorithm;over-resonant frequency modulation and extended phase-shift control;resonant current optimization;time-domain model5|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The unified power flow controller can quickly and accurately adjust the power flow in the power grid. However, it comes with a high cost. The phase-shifting transformer has a low cost but cannot realize the continuous adjustment, exhibits lower compensation accuracy, and generates higher impacts when switching voltage levels. This paper improves the thyristor valve group in the phase-shifting transformer and derives a hybrid valve group of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and thyristors based on the two-level matrix-type direct AC-AC conversion topology. Without the adoption of electrolytic capacitors and reactors, this hybrid valve group utilizes fully controllable devices for continuous high-precision voltage regulation and employs thyristors for polarity reversal of valve groups. Then, a hybrid phase-shifting transformer with rapid and continuous voltage regulation based on this valve group is proposed. While retaining the main structure of the traditional thyristor-based phase-shifting transformer, a hybrid valve group of IGBTs and thyristors is incorporated into each phase. The cooperative operation of hybrid and common valve groups realizes millisecond-level rapid adjustment of the operating condition of the phase-shifting transformer. In addition, a strategy for valve group driving with additional spike suppression is proposed to mitigate voltage and current surges during valve group switching. Finally, the practicality of the proposed phase-shifting transformer is validated through simulation.关键词：phase-shifting transformer;topology optimization;matrix transformation;AC-AC conversion;continuous voltage regulation;thyristor valve group;hybrid valve group;spike suppression6|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
Application Research
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