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最新刊期
卷 49 ， 期 15 ， 2025
- 摘要：With the integration of renewable energy and the transformation of power system forms, research on the collaborative operation of the battery energy storage system (BESS) with renewable energy grid-connected generation has attracted much attention. To explore the operational effects and evaluation methods for BESS integration into high-penetration renewable energy generation systems, based on domestic and international research advances, this paper analyzes grid-connected BESS on the renewable energy side from two aspects such as operation modes and operation evaluation. In the operation mode aspect, the renewable energy-side BESS configuration and dispatch methods for off-grid operation, grid-connected autonomous operation, and grid-connected active support modes are analyzed. It establishes a five-dimensional BESS operation indicator system covering technicality, safety, reliability, economy, and social benefits. In the operation evaluation aspect, the theoretical models for BESS operation indicators are established and strategies to improve various operation indicators are explored. Then, the applicability and effectiveness of existing comprehensive evaluation methods for BESS operation evaluation are summarized, and problems in BESS operation indicators and evaluation methods are analyzed. Finally, the suggestions are proposed to improve the operation evaluation of renewable energy-side BESS and the prospects for its operation evaluation are provided.关键词：new power system;renewable energy;battery energy storage system (BESS);operation mode;operation indicator;evaluation methods17|10|0更新时间：2025-08-05
- 摘要：As a flexible regulatory resource with both generation and user attributes, energy storage plays a strategically important role in the construction of new power systems. In recent years, it has been widely used on both the generation and user sides. However, the rapid expansion of energy storage projects is accompanied by challenges such as the lack of viable business modes and limited profit channels, leading to idle storage devices and difficulties in investment recovery on both the generation and user sides, which hinder the long-term development of the energy storage industry. Shared energy storage, as a novel business mode, has emerged as a key pathway to promote the marketization of energy storage. Hence, this paper first reviews the domestic and international support policies for energy storage and shared energy storage. Then, from the perspectives of three shared energy storage business modes, i.e., co-construction, interaction, and lease, the development status of key technologies and domestic and international implementation practices related to shared energy storage business modes on both the generation and user sides over the past decade is comprehensively reviewed. Finally, the key challenges faced by the current shared energy storage business modes in areas such as the scale of cooperative entities, partner matching and multi-market rules are summarized, and the future research directions of shared energy storage business modes on both the generation and user sides in new power systems are prospected.关键词：new power system;shared energy storage;business mode;generation side;user side8|3|0更新时间：2025-08-05
Review·Perspective
- 摘要：Aiming at the problems of unreasonable frequency regulation demand setting, low life of battery energy storage and poor economy in the frequency regulation capacity configuration of thermal power units assisted by battery energy storage system (BESS), a regulation performance-oriented method for determining the demand of hybrid thermal power-energy storage frequency regulation is designed, and a regulation performance-oriented bi-level optimal configuration strategy of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for thermal power-energy storage frequency regulation is proposed. In the operation inner layer, based on the HESS configuration given in the economic outer layer, the regulation performance-oriented HESS frequency regulation response demand is optimized with the minimum BESS life loss and the maximum comprehensive frequency regulation performance index as the objectives, and the BESS life loss and frequency regulation performance are balanced. In the economic outer layer, based on the regulation performance-oriented HESS frequency regulation response demand and HESS response effect after the optimization of the operation inner layer, the HESS capacity configuration is optimized with the goal of maximizing the average annual net revenue to achieve the optimal comprehensive benefit. The optimization algorithm is used to solve the bi-level model to obtain the optimal configuration scheme that takes into account both frequency regulation performance and economic benefits. Finally, based on the operation data of a 330 MW unit in a specific power plant for one month, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed configuration strategy are verified.关键词：regulation performance;frequency regulation;hybrid energy storage system (HESS);thermal power unit;optimal configuration;battery energy storage system (BESS)5|1|0更新时间：2025-08-05
- 摘要：The large-scale grid-connection of renewable energy brings challenges to the frequency stability of the power system, and there is an urgent need to explore the frequency regulation capability of adjustable resources on the load side. Some provinces in China have issued frequency regulation ancillary service rules to guide loads to independently declare the frequency regulation capacity to participate in frequency regulation response. As a typical high-energy-consuming load, the electrolytic aluminum load has the automatic power control function to participate in the power grid frequency regulation. However, the lack of a capacity declaration method that can maximize its revenues has greatly restricted the enthusiasm of the load to participate in frequency regulation ancillary services. To this end, a bidding strategy for frequency regulation capacity of electrolytic aluminum loads oriented to frequency regulation ancillary service rules is proposed. First, the control method for electrolytic aluminum loads responding to frequency regulation signals of automatic generation control (AGC) is introduced. Then, the impact of its power regulation on production is analyzed to derive the power regulation boundary and power regulation cost model for the load production safety. Finally, the compensation mechanism in the frequency regulation ancillary service rules of Yunnan Province, China is analyzed. Combined with the prediction results of frequency regulation signals, a bidding strategy for frequency regulation capacity is proposed, in which the expected value of load net revenues can be maximized to meet the constraints of load production safety and frequency regulation market rules. Case results show that the bidding with the proposed strategy can obtain higher expected revenues for loads, thus enhancing the enthusiasm of loads to participate in frequency regulation ancillary services.关键词：electrolytic aluminum load;frequency regulation ancillary service;market rule;bidding;frequency regulation capacity;automatic generation control (AGC)4|0|0更新时间：2025-08-05
- 摘要：The electricity-gas coupling system is of great value in supporting the efficient use of energy and improving electricity safety. This paper proposes a reinforcement optimization strategy for key components of the electricity-gas coupling system with combined influences of vulnerability and failures. In the planning stage, power poles and gas pipelines are differentiated for reinforcement to minimize the system loss of load after extreme events. Firstly, taking the earthquake disaster that has a destructive effect on both the power and natural gas systems as an example, a disaster model and fault scenarios under multiple types of reinforcement measures are constructed. Secondly, a two-stage method of pre-ranking-stochastic programming is used to make decisions. In the first stage, the repair priority is simulated based on the Copeland ranking method. In the second stage, the multi-level reinforcement stochastic programming is carried out considering the restoration measures such as distribution network reconstruction and fault repair under limited number of crews. The two-stage decision-making solves the problem that it is difficult to consider the repair scheduling process in multi-level reinforcement planning, and improves the solution efficiency. Finally, the progressive hedging algorithm is used to complete the stochastic programming solution, and the effectiveness of the strategy is verified by cases.关键词：electricity-gas coupling system;key component;vulnerability;failure;reinforcement;extreme event;fault repair;stochastic programming2|1|0更新时间：2025-08-05
- 摘要：With the deep coupling development of cyber-physical systems, traditional distribution network planning is facing numerous challenges. On one hand, the increasingly complex interaction modes and control mechanisms of distribution networks make traditional independent cyber-physical planning schemes unable to ensure the overall optimality of the power grid. On the other hand, the extensive integration of spatial-temporal flexibility resources with regulation potential and fault response capabilities poses new requirements on the planning entities. In the context of cyber-physical network coupling, this paper proposes a planning method for cyber-physical distribution systems considering spatial-temporal flexibility resource collaboration. Firstly, based on the overall architecture of the cyber-physical distribution system, the spatial-temporal scheduling strategies for distribution networks involving flexibility resources, as well as the interaction modes and scheduling characteristics of spatial-temporal flexibility resources are described. Then, the collaborative framework, planning model, and solution algorithm for the cyber-physical distribution system are proposed considering the influence of cyber systems and the potential for spatial-temporal transfer of flexibility resources, and the distribution network recovery capability of the proposed planning method is verified through the generation and screening of key fault sets. Finally, in a modified standard distribution system with external coupling network, the economy, reliability, and fault support capabilities of the proposed scheme are preliminarily discussed.关键词：distribution network;cyber-physical system;flexibility resource;planning;collaboration;scheduling;fault recovery3|0|0更新时间：2025-08-05
- 摘要：In the process of power supply restoration, the observability and controllability of the distribution network change dynamically with the gradual restoration of physical and cyber systems. Therefore, this paper studies the distribution network restoration decision methods considering the risk of state estimation error in the restoration process. Firstly, the topology model of the cyber-physical distribution system is established, and the restoration state constraints of the cyber-physical system are further established for the restoration decisions combining the coupling relationship between the cyber and physical systems in the restoration process. Secondly, the reachability of the cyber system and the observability of the physical system are analyzed. The risk of state estimation error is used to reflect the influence of the system observability on the restoration decision, and the restoration operation time is used to reflect the influence of the system controllability on the restoration decision. Then, a restoration decision model of cyber-physical distribution system is established with the objective of maximizing the estimated restoration net revenue, and a multi-partition parallel optimization solution method is established. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed decision model is verified by the restoration decision process of a modified IEEE 123-bus system.关键词：distribution network;cyber-physical system;observability;controllability;state estimation;restoration decision3|1|0更新时间：2025-08-05
- 摘要：With the advancement of the strategy of China’s rural revitalisation and the promotion of the construction of high-standard farmland, the demand for electricity consumption of large-scale farms in various agricultural reclamation areas has been growing rapidly. The centralised and uncontrolled electricity consumption of massive irrigation facilities has caused the problems of severe transmission congestion and voltage dropping. Firstly, this paper derives a mathematical propagation chain model that describes the correlation relationship among irrigation electricity consumption, soil moisture, and crop yield. With the goal of minimizing comprehensive electricity consumption costs and crop yield reduction, this paper proposes an optimal scheduling model for farm distribution networks that takes into account large-scale irrigation load production security, and comprehensively considering the operation security constraints of distribution network and agricultural production. Then, in response to the unique multi-dimensional uncertainties in the operating environment of farm distribution networks, such as precipitation, this paper designs a method for constructing typical farm distribution network scenarios based on affinity propagation clustering. Furthermore, this paper proposes a stochastic optimal scheduling strategy for farm distribution networks in supporting power supply for large-scale crop bases, considering multiple random factors. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by case study.关键词：distribution network;farm;optimal scheduling;electricity consumption;uncertainty;affinity propagation clustering;power supply support;crop production3|1|0更新时间：2025-08-05
- 摘要：Error tracing of power prediction can be used to analyze the causes of prediction errors, distinguish the importance degree of factors affecting prediction errors, and improve the function of prediction models. Photovoltaic power prediction error is greatly affected by the precision of numerical weather prediction (NWP), and the influence is different when affected by different NWP meteorological elements, it is difficult to quantitatively trace back to a variety of NWP data. Therefore, the paper proposes an error tracing method for photovoltaic power prediction considering causality verification of NWP transfer entropy. First, the trend division of the photovoltaic power prediction error is implemented using the swing window (SW) algorithm, while the frequency domain is decomposed using the variational modal decomposition (VMD) algorithm to obtain the characteristic segments of the photovoltaic power prediction error. Finally, the causality relationship between the different kinds of NWP data and photovoltaic power prediction errors is verified by using transfer entropy, and the error contribution of NWP data to each characteristic segment of photovoltaic power prediction error is analyzed retrospectively. Case study show that the proposed method can effectively trace the photovoltaic power prediction error caused by NWP data.关键词：photovoltaic;power prediction;numerical weather prediction;transfer entropy;error tracing;causality relationship10|3|0更新时间：2025-08-05
- 摘要：The large-scale integration of distributed photovoltaics on the user side has brought strong uncertainties to the operation of the power system, increasing the difficulty of net load prediction. Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to balance the model performance and interpretability in the net load probabilistic prediction of existing deep learning models, this paper proposes a probabilistic prediction method for net loads based on the Kolmogorov-Arnold network (KAN) model. Firstly, by exploring the interpretability of the basis function weight matrix and the learnable coefficients of the spline function of the KAN model, the inherent interpretability of the KAN model is achieved. Then, taking the maximum likelihood estimation loss function as the basis for model design, the mean and variance network structures of the KAN model are designed respectively to achieve an effective fit of the probability density function. Meanwhile, to quantify the impact of various meteorological characteristics on the net load output, the maximum mutual information coefficient method is adopted for feature screening, which enhances the mapping capability of the KAN model for various meteorological characteristics. Through case study, the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method in net load power probabilistic prediction are verified. Moreover, compared with traditional methods, the proposed method has better performance in terms of model accuracy, interpretability, training efficiency, and generalization capability.关键词：distributed photovoltaic;net load;probabilistic prediction;deep learning;Kolmogorov-Arnold network (KAN);interpretability;meteorological characteristic4|0|0更新时间：2025-08-05
- 摘要：Due to the influence by factors such as energy transition and frequent occurrence of extreme weather events, the impact of anomalous scenarios with special patterns on power system stability has become increasingly severe. To this end, this paper proposes an ultra-short-term load forecasting method considering the missing data in anomalous scenarios. Firstly, this method is applied to extract anomalous scenarios using a multi-scale extraction framework based on local and global differences, introduce missing values based on the date information of anomalous scenarios, control the missing rate using a binary mask matrix, and make simulation where data in anomalous scenarios are missing. Secondly, combining temporal correlation, the improved cutoff inverse distance weighting (CIDW) imputation method is used to automatically identify the missing data for imputation. Finally, a model based on temporal convolutional network (TCN) and scalar long short-term memory (sLSTM) network is constructed to perform feature extraction and forecasting for the imputed data, and the model generalization ability is verified under different missing rates in scenarios with random missing data. Through comparative analysis of different scenarios and models, it is verified that some indicators of the proposed model are all improved compared to the comparative model.关键词：load forecasting;anomalous scenario;missing data;imputation;multi-scale extraction framework;feature extraction2|1|0更新时间：2025-08-05
Basic Research
- 摘要：As an innovative energy management system integrating distributed energy resources, the virtual power plant (VPP) has gained significant global attention. To promote the standardization process of VPPs, various international and national standardization organizations have developed relevant standards and guidelines, providing standardized references for the planning, construction, operation and maintenance of VPPs, thereby further advancing its application and development. Firstly, this paper reviews the standardization status of the VPP at home and abroad. Secondly, Based on the development trend of VPP business, the main problems and challenges in standardization work are analyzed. On this basis, focusing on the goal of building a national VPP standardization framework in China, the VPP standard architecture in two directions and seven domains are designed, and the key development routes of the VPP standard system are planned. Finally, suggestions are put forward to further improve and standardize the VPP standard system, providing reference and inspiration for the formulation and implementation of VPP standards.关键词：virtual power plant;standardization;standard system;standard architecture;technical standard;management specification8|1|0更新时间：2025-08-05
- 摘要：The characteristics of single-phase-to-ground faults in distribution networks are weak and influenced by the neutral point grounding modes, which results in insufficient reliability and sensitivity of the existing fault detection and location methods. This paper first simplifies the zero-sequence networks for ungrounded, resonant grounded, and low-resistance grounded systems under ground fault conditions. The zero-sequence fault characteristics of single-phase-to-ground faults in distribution networks under various neutral point grounding modes are analyzed; The relationship and characteristic differences between zero-sequence currents and zero-sequence voltages of upstream from the fault point and sound lines are derived. Subsequently, a zero-sequence transient fault component is defined to quantify the characteristic variation before and after the fault. A calculation method for this component based on discrete numerical integration is proposed, along with an optimized correction method using least squares. This method can minimize the influence of pre-fault unbalanced conditions and enables adaptive setting of the high-sensitivity threshold. Fault detection is achieved at all distributed monitoring points by comparing the magnitude of the zero-sequence transient fault component. Furthermore, fault section location is realized by the central master station analyzing the signs of the zero-sequence transient fault components reported from all monitoring points. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified using PSCAD simulation data and field arcing fault test data关键词：distribution network;grounding mode;single-phase-to-ground fault;fault characteristic;fault detection;fault location8|2|0更新时间：2025-08-05
- 摘要：The fault signal in grounding electrode lines is weak and well-hidden, making detection and fault location very difficult. On this basis, a single-ended location method for grounding electrode lines is proposed based on broadband excitation injection and short-time matrix pencil method (STMPM). Firstly, the Gaussian signal excitation with an oscillatory decaying characteristic is injected into the grounding electrode line in differential mode, ensuring that the injected excitation does not leak into the DC system side through the neutral bus and minimizing the waveform distortion to the greatest extent during the propagation of the signal along the grounding electrode line, thereby improving the detection efficiency of fault traveling waves. Secondly, sliding short-time windows are used to perform singular value decomposition (SVD) on the fault traveling waves. The eigenvalues obtained from the decomposition are used to distinguish the interference signals and fault signals, effectively amplifying the weak fault signals while suppressing the interference signals. Finally, the damping factor of the fault traveling wave within the short-time window is determined, a one-to-one mapping relationship between the zero-crossing moment of the damping factor and the arrival time of the fault traveling wave is established, and the fault distance is then determined. Extensive simulations show that the location method can effectively detect fault traveling waves and achieve high fault-location accuracy.关键词：grounding electrode line;fault location;broadband excitation;short-time matrix pencil;zero-crossing moment;fault traveling wave;Gaussian signal2|0|0更新时间：2025-08-05
Application Research
- 摘要：Regarding the incident on August 19th, 2023, where the Luxi back-to-back conventional high voltage direct current (HVDC) project of China experienced a prolonged DC current breaking due to an external AC fault, causing a bipolar block, the current establishment mechanism of the back-to-back conventional HVDC project is analyzed. The reasons for the unsuccessful establishment of DC current in the Luxi back-to-back conventional HVDC project are identified. The valved-controlled compensated pulse optimization strategy in low DC current scenarios is proposed. The simulation results of the real-time digital simulator (RTDS) platform fully verified its effectiveness and the measures are successfully implemented on site. The practical application results show that the proposed optimization strategy effectively eliminates the prolonged DC current breaking in the Luxi back-to-back conventional HVDC project caused by the external AC fault and further prevents the bipolar block risk, significantly improving the operational reliability and stability of the back-to-back conventional HVDC project.关键词：back-to-back conventional high voltage direct current (HVDC);current breaking;bipolar block;valved-controlled compensated pulse5|1|0更新时间：2025-08-05
- 摘要：Dynamic reconfiguration of distribution networks is an important means to ensure the safe, stable and efficient operation of power systems, but it usually involves the complex solution of large-scale mixed-integer programming problems. In this regard, the existing studies usually adopt the period division method based on load similarity to simplify the solution process. However, the load similarity cannot guarantee the interoperability of the reconfiguration scheme, and the current period division methods make it difficult to ensure the quality of the solution. In this regard, the dynamic reconfiguration method for distribution networks based on decision-oriented period division is proposed. Firstly, with the goal of minimizing the network loss and load balancing index, a dynamic reconfiguration model of the distribution network is constructed. Secondly, a calculation method for multi-moment decision interoperability degree is designed to complete the evaluation of decision interoperability at each moment, and the decision-oriented period division is realized on the premise of considering timeliness. Finally, the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed method are verified through simulations on typical 3-feeder network and 72-bus network. Furthermore, the application in the actual 225-bus network in a certain area in southern China demonstrates the engineering practicability of the proposed method. The simulation results also show that, compared with the current period division methods, the proposed method can further improve the solution speed and solution accuracy.关键词：distribution network;dynamic reconfiguration;mixed-integer programming;load similarity;period division;interoperability4|0|0更新时间：2025-08-05
- 摘要：At present, the optimal reconstruction of distribution networks faces issues such as high solution complexity, long calculation time, and non-unique results, making it difficult to implement and apply in engineering. Therefore, by integrating graph search algorithms, a two-stage optimal reconstruction strategy of distribution networks is proposed. In the first stage, a graph search and path combination strategy is introduced to generate a reconstruction structural set of distribution networks. This strategy can determine the branches with changing on-off states before the optimization solution, which helps narrow the selection range of structural decision variables and improves the calculation speed when solving the reconstruction model. In the second stage, based on the reconstruction structural set of distribution networks and combined with cone transformation technology, a model solution method based on determined topology target value sorting is proposed. This method decomposes the optimal reconstruction of distribution networks into two parts: the generation of topological structures based on 0-1 state variables and the solution of linear models based on determined topologies, significantly reducing the complexity of model solution. A case study is conducted on a 64-bus system of a certain regional power grid. The results show that the proposed optimal reconstruction method of distribution networks can effectively obtain the optimal topological structure of the distribution network that meets user demands, which is highly beneficial for practical engineering applications.关键词：distribution network;reconstruction;graph search;path combination;structural set;model solution;topology2|0|0更新时间：2025-08-05
Engineering Application
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