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最新刊期
卷 48 ， 期 4 ， 2024
- 摘要：Constructing an electricity market system for new power system is not only an inevitable requirement of energy and electricity transition but also an important route to achieving the goal of “carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality”. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the changes and challenges brought to power systems by the structural changes of the new power system, a multi-dimensional collaborative electricity market system for the new power system is built from the goals, time, space, values, and entities. Focusing on the five key issues including the multi-goal collaboration of safe supply guarantee, low-carbon transition and economy, the multi-time collaboration of medium- and long-term, spot, and real-time operation, the multi-spatial collaboration of multi-layer national unified electricity market, the multi-value collaboration of security, green and economy, and the multi-entity collaboration with the rapid development of emerging market entities, the concept and core mechanism for the multi-dimensional collaborative market design are proposed. Finally, the implementation route and suggestions for constructing a national unified electricity market are given.关键词：electricity market;multi-dimensional collaboration;new power system;renewable energy4|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The design and construction of the national unified electricity market system focuses on the variety of electric energy, and auxiliary services, as an important variety to ensure the safety of the power system, also need to adapt to the main energy market and carry out the top-level design from the perspective of the national auxiliary service market system. The paper analyzes the overall situation of China’s regional and provincial auxiliary service market mechanisms. Under the basic framework of the national unified electricity market, based on the analysis of the basic development form of the electricity energy market, from the dimensions of market hierarchy, market variety, and market cycle, the connection relationship between levels and varieties is sorted out, and the overall framework and construction development path of the national auxiliary service market that adapts to different market development stages are proposed.关键词：new power system;unified electricity market;market framework;auxiliary service market4|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Actively promoting the construction of green electricity market is an effective way to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of energy consumption and realize the goal of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality. China has already started the construction of green electricity market, which is currently in the period of rapid development. There is an urgent need to study the related key issues to provide the support for the construction of green electricity market. This paper analyzes the connotation of green power and green electricity market, and studies the practice of green electricity market in foreign countries from the aspects of policy design, operation mechanism, application scenarios, and support technology with the United States and Europe as typical cases, and puts forward relevant inspiration. On this basis, combined with the progress of green electricity market construction in China, this paper discusses the key issues of green electricity market construction in China under the goals of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality, and puts forward the key mechanism design and technical difficulties that need to be solved in the green electricity market construction of China from four aspects of top-level design, key mechanisms, connecting mechanisms, and support technologies.关键词：carbon emission peak;carbon neutrality;electricity market;green power certificate trading4|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：China is comprehensively carrying out the construction of the electricity spot market, and the spot pilot areas have built relatively complete spot market operation support systems based on current market rules and the current status of the power system, supporting the effective operation of the current electricity spot market. With the gradual increase of the proportion of renewable energy in the construction of new power systems and the implementation of the “carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality” national strategy, the existing operation technology support system will not be able to meet the needs of future market development. On the basis of summarizing the technical practice of electricity spot market in China, the changes in the characteristics of the electricity spot market and the technical challenges it faces are analyzed, and the key technologies in the future are discussed in the aspects of multi-agent modeling and access, market clearing algorithm, market risk analysis, trusted trading environment, market simulation, etc. Some technologies have been preliminarily applied.关键词：electricity spot market;market modeling;market clearing;blockchain;market risk;market simulation4|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：In order to support the efficient and stable operation of inter-provincial electricity spot trading, it is urgent to develop operation technologies that adapt to the characteristics of inter-provincial electricity spot trading, and achieve the efficient and coordinated operation of various markets. First, the paper introduces the background and trading mechanism of inter-provincial electricity spot trading, analyzes the technical challenges faced by market operation, constructs an operation functional framework for inter-provincial electricity spot trading, and designs a data flow based on wide-area distributed parallel technology. On this basis, multiple operation technologies are proposed, including the wide-area collaborative interaction technology, the inter-provincial electricity spot trading clearing technology that supports global bidirectional trading, the multi-stage security verification technology based on model reconstruction, and the full-process auxiliary decision-making analysis technology based on the module flexible linkage. Finally, the engineering application of the described operation technologies is introduced, and the operation technologies that need further breakthroughs are prospected combined with the evolution direction of the future electricity spot market.关键词：inter-provincial electricity spot trading;functional architecture;collaborative operation;market clearing;operational assistance3|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：In order to solve the problems of the regional electricity spot market to coordinate the priority plan of trans-provincial sending and receiving power and the trans-provincial medium- and long-term trading system, and to make sure that the clearing results of the regional electircity spot market can truly reflect the pre-authorized trans-provincial transmission price and the network loss rate, a clearing model for the regional electricity spot market with the deviation correction of network losses in the trans-provincial transmission grid is proposed. Firstly, taking the China southern regional electricity spot market as an example, the trans-provincial sending and receiving power trading entities and trading system are analyzed. Secondly, a deviation correction method of network losses considering both trading components and physical power flow is proposed, and based on this method, a clearing model for the regional electricity spot market with coupling of physical power flow and trading components is constructed. Finally, a 9-bus system and the China southern power grid simulation system are adopted to conduct simulation and verification. The simulation results show that the proposed deviation correction method and the clearing model for the regional electricity spot market can ensure that the trans-provincial transmission price and network loss rate can be reflected in the clearing price on the premise that the system safety operation constraints are satisfied. The priority plan of the trans-provincial sending and receiving power and the trans-provincial medium- and long-term trading system are effectively coordinated.关键词：regional electricity spot market;trans-provincial transmission;market clearing;physical power flow;network loss3|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：New requirements for the electricity market mechanism are proposed due to the rapid development of renewable energy. China has established two-stage inter- and intra-provincial electricity spot markets for promoting the renewable energy accommodation and reliable power supply. However, with the increasing scale and proportion of inter-provincial transactions, the power supply connection between each province becomes closer, which exacerbates the risk transmission between each intra-provincial electricity spot market. Firstly, the risk transmission characteristics between intra-provincial electricity spot markets based on the current linking-up mechanism between inter- and intra-provincial electricity spot markets is analyzed, and the concept of spillover risk value to quantitatively evaluate the risk transmission in the inter- and intra-provincial electricity spot markets is introduced. Secondly, a coordinated clearing model for the two-stage inter- and intra-provincial electricity spot markets under spillover risk constraints is built based on the two-stage stochastic optimization theory to suppress the risk transmission in the two-stage inter- and intra-provincial electricity spot markets. Furthermore, considering the privacy protection needs brought about by different market operating institutions, a solving method for the coordinated clearing model of the two-stage inter- and intra-provincial electricity spot markets based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is established. Finally, the case analysis verifies that the proposed market clearing model and method are effective in suppressing the risk transmission in the two-stage inter- and intra-provincial electricity spot markets.关键词：electricity spot market;inter- and intra-provincial electricity market;risk transmission;spillover risk value;two-stage stochastic optimization3|3|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Driven by the goal of “carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality” and affected by the geographical distribution and randomness of renewable energy, the importance of mutual support between regional power and flexibility using cross-regional trading as a medium is highlighted. At present, China is in the critical stage of building a unified national electricity market system, and an effective market mechanism is needed to manage large-scale inter-provincial electricity spot trading. Based on the above background, an inter-provincial electricity spot trading approach which does not depend on cross-regional bidders is designed. First, a market clearing model based on bidding zones is proposed and the zonal marginal pricing method is used to calculate the settlement price for each zone. Then,transmission tariffs for each transaction between regions are calculated according to power flow contributions based on the equivalent bilateral matching method. Finally, numerical examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method accomplishes inter-provincial electricity trading without relying on cross-regional bidders. It utilizes the capacity of transmission lines efficiently and protects the privacy of internal network information in each area during the market clearing process.关键词：inter-provincial electricity spot trading;market clearing;settlement approach;transmission tariff;pricing method3|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The resource endowment and energy demand in China are in reverse distribution, and promoting the optimal allocation of renewable energy resources in a wider range is an inherent requirement for the construction of new power system of China. The trans-provincial/trans-regional transmission price is an important part of the trans-provincial/trans-regional electricity transaction price, and the rationality of its pricing mechanism will not only affect the reasonable recovery of the investment costs of power transmission projects, but also affect the efficiency of the electricity market competition, even the optimal allocation of resources in a wider range. To this end, based on combining the current situation of trans-provincial/trans-regional and transnational/interstate transmission projects in typical electricity markets in China, Europe, and the United States, the historical evolution and development situation of transnational/interstate and inter-market transmission pricing mechanisms in typical international electricity markets are sorted out, and the key factors influencing the transnational/interstate and inter-market transmission pricing are explored. Combined with the historical development of the transmission pricing mechanism of the trans-provincial/trans-regional dedicated projects in China, the problems that the current transmission pricing mechanism for trans-provincial/trans-regional dedicated projects will face in the background of new power system and the construction of the national unified electricity market system are analyzed, and its enlightenment and the future development direction for the transmission pricing of trans-provincial/trans-regional dedicated projects in China are put forward.关键词：trans-provincial/trans-regional dedicated project;new power system;transmission price;pricing mechanism;electricity market3|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：In the scenario of high proportion of renewable energy access, how to improve the flexibility of the power system has become a focus. Electrochemical energy storage can improve the flexible regulation ability of new power systems, but its technical characteristics are different from conventional market players, so it is necessary to design the corresponding market participation mechanism. Therefore, according to the relationship between depths of charge and discharge, charging and discharging ratio of energy storage and aging cost, a price difference bidding mode suitable for energy storage participation is proposed. In this bidding mode, the energy storage can declare the cost under different operation states and different depths of discharge, so as to release the deep charging and discharging capacity of the energy storage. Considering the coupling relationship between energy storage frequency regulation capacity and state of charge, the market clearing model is established for the coupling of day-ahead energy market and frequency regulation market. The case results show that the proposed mechanism can fully reflect the market value of energy storage, promote the optimal allocation of energy storage resources, and improve the market revenue of energy storage.关键词：electrochemical energy storage;price difference bidding;electric energy market;frequency regulation market;charging and discharging3|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The construction of the new power system in China is facing the challenge of a shortage of flexible resources, and it is urgent to exert the adjustment ability of load side. As the mutual interaction between the power grid and load becomes more frequent, more load aggregators participate in market transactions by integrating jurisdictional flexible resources, resulting in the break of the market equilibrium dominated by the power generation side in the past. In order to study the game strategy of multi-agent load aggregators, a bi-level bidding model of load aggregators under energy-reserve electricity market is constructed, and multiple scenarios are introduced to describe the influence of bidding uncertainty of non-decision makers on the market equilibrium. The multiple bi-level models are transformed into an equilibrium problem with equilibrium constraints (EPEC) model by strong stationary method (SSM), and linearization methods such as big-M method and binary expansion approach are used for linearization. Results of the case validate the validity and effectiveness of the model and solving algorithm, demonstrating that the EPEC model based optimal bidding strategy of load aggregators is more in line with the actual market rules, which is helpful to optimize the load curve of the system and alleviate the tension between the supply and demand of flexible resources.关键词：load aggregator;multi-variety electricity trading;bidding strategy;bi-level optimization;market equilibrium;strong stationary method (SSM)3|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
Special Topic on Construction of Electricity Market System
- 摘要：Dispatching air conditioning flexible load is an effective measure to alleviate the peak load of the grid and is of great significance for the stable operation of the power grid. Firstly, the air conditioning load model is constructed, and considering the air conditioning switching and the allowable turn-off time, the regulation potential evaluation method of air conditioning considering the influence of control time is proposed by introducing the idea of micro-element method. Secondly, the development demand for the load aggregator system is analyzed and the structure of air conditioning status monitoring system is proposed based on the software defined network. Then, with the goal of minimizing the difference between the aggregated power variation of air conditioning group and the regulation demand of the power grid, and taking user comfort as an important constraint, an air conditioning control strategy considering multiple rotation regulation is constructed with the consideration of the air conditioning switching status and total regulation time. Finally, through simulation analysis, it is verified that the proposed model can not only accurately evaluate the regulation potential of air conditioning according to different response time, but also improve the control ability of air conditioning.关键词：air conditioning load;demand response;micro-element method;load aggregator;multiple rotation regulation;potential evaluation8|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Shared energy storage with cooling, heating and power coupling can more significantly improve the utilization efficiency and accommodation level of multi-energy sources in microgrids. However, the multi-energy coupled shared energy storage further increases the difficulty of coordinated operation among multi-microgrids. Therefore, a coordinated optimization model of mixed microgrid multi-agent game is proposed considering multi-energy coupled shared energy storage. First, the model is carried out around the multi-energy coupled shared energy storage, and the operation model of the components is constructed from three dimensions of cooling, heating and power. Then, a two-layer coordinated scheduling model of mixed microgrid game is proposed considering the collaboration of multi-energy coupled shared energy storage. The upper layer is an intraday electricity price optimization model for microgrid operators based on Stackelberg game, which aims at maximizing the microgrid operators’ intraday revenues, and provides a responsive electricity price for the lower collaborative operation with the comprehensive consideration of the upper and lower constraints on the electricity price and the constraints on the average of the purchase and sale prices. The lower layer is a cooperative operation strategy model based on cooperation game, which takes the cooperation cost of producers and sellers and shared energy storage as the goal, comprehensively considers the upper and lower limits of unit output constraints and power balance constraints, and provides feedback cooperation cost for the upper layer to guide the optimization and adjustment of electricity price. Then, the change rate of electricity price is used as the convergence criterion, and the bifurcation method is used to deal with the constraints of electricity price to accelerate the model solution in the mixed game model solution. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by using a microgrid system with the multi-agent coordinated optimization.关键词：shared energy storage;combined cooling, heating and power;mixed game;pricing mechanism;integrated energy system3|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Electromechanical transient simulation is an important tool for large-scale power system analysis. Existing electromechanical transient models for power electronic equipment generally have ideal characteristics of current source, which cannot reflect the impact of equipment stability and capacity constraints on system transient characteristics. In the background of power electronics dominated power systems, the above deficiencies reduce the simulation accuracy, which restricts the determination of power grid operation limit and renewable energy transmission capacity. In this paper, the unitary mathematical model and control system of static var generator (SVG) is derived based on the rotating coordinate frame and the corresponding electromechanical transient model is established. On the premise that the modeling accuracy is consistent with the electromagnetic transient model, the main differences between electromechanical transient simulation and electromagnetic transient simulation are compared based on the mode analysis method, which reveals the capability boundary and applicable scope of the electromagnetic transient simulation. The results show that the electromechanical transient simulation can reveal the power angle, frequency, and voltage stability characteristics related to fundamental-frequency power energy flow, but cannot reflect the resonance or broadband oscillation characteristics strongly related to power grid dynamics.关键词：static var generator (SVG);electromechanical transient;mode analysis;power electronics dominated power system4|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The interaction between the direct-drive wind turbines and the weak AC grid or flexible DC transmission system will easily lead to wideband oscillation events. It is generally believed that the interaction characteristics between direct-drive wind turbines and AC/DC power grids mainly depend on the grid-side converters, so the dynamics of the generator-side system of direct-drive wind turbines are usually ignored. There have been some literatures discussing the influence of the generator-side system under traditional vector control on the grid-connected characteristics of direct-drive wind turbines, but there is a lack of relevant research on the generator-grid coupling characteristics for direct-drive wind turbines with different control strategies. In this paper, the generator-grid coupling characteristics of direct-drive wind turbines with four typical control strategies are compared. First, the detailed impedance models of direct-drive wind turbines with different control strategies are derived and verified. Then, based on the generator-grid coupling degree index, the generator-grid coupling characteristics of direct-drive wind turbines are compared and analyzed, and the influence of generator-side system dynamics on AC impedance characteristics and grid-connected stability of direct-drive wind turbines with different control strategies is obtained. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified by the case analysis of direct-drive wind turbines connecting to weak AC power grid.关键词：direct-drive wind turbine;generator-grid coupling;vector control;virtual synchronous generator;inertia synchronization control;impedance;stability3|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Rapid and accurate estimation of the state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries throughout their entire life cycle can help improve the safety and reliability of energy storage equipment. An SOH estimation model is proposed, which combines indirect health indicators (IHIs) with bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network optimized by the whale optimization algorithm (WOA). The model takes into account the influence of future states on the current SOH. First, the constant current-constant voltage charging and discharging process of lithium-ion battery is analyzed, multiple time characteristics of voltage, current, and temperature that dynamically change with charging and discharging cycles are extracted as IHIs, and the indicator of discharging load voltage drop time is added. Then, through correlation analysis, selected IHIs with high correlation to capacity are set as input features. Finally, a BiLSTM network optimized by WOA is established as the battery SOH estimation model, and the NASA lithium-ion battery dataset is used to estimate the battery SOH under two different operating conditions. The results indicate that the proposed method can effectively improve the estimation accuracy of SOH.关键词：state of health;lithium-ion battery;indirect health indicator;whale optimization algorithm;bi-directional long short-term memory network3|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
Basic Research
- 摘要：Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), as a new type of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, can present the logic of the AI process, reveal the AI black-box knowledge, and improve the credibility of the AI results. The deep coupling between XAI and power systems may accelerate the AI technology application in the power system and assist with the safety and stability of human-machine interaction. Therefore, this paper reviews the historical context, development needs, and hot technologies of XAI in the power system, summarizes its applications in source-load forecasting, operation control, fault diagnosis, and electricity market, and explores the application prospects of XAI in the power system around aspects such as interpretability, iterative framework, and number-matrix fusion. This paper aims to provide theoretical references and practical ideas for promoting the intelligent transformation and iterative human-machine interaction of the power system.关键词：power system;artificial intelligence;explainability;machine learning3|10|0更新时间：2025-06-16
Review
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