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最新刊期
卷 48 ， 期 12 ， 2024
- 摘要：Under the goals of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality, the strong and weak hybrid carbon leakage effect caused by asymmetric carbon regulation policies in the low-carbon transition path of power industry needs to be paid attention to. Aiming at the influence of unilateral carbon emission reduction policy in power system, a bi-level planning model of power systems considering the energy network expansion at transmission network level and the load behavior of energy hubs at distribution network level is constructed based on marginal electricity price theory. Firstly, the weak carbon leakage effect caused by line expansion is analyzed in the upper energy network planning, and the marginal electricity price of power grid is solved by Lagrange multiplier. On this basis, the economic planning model of the lower energy hub is established considering the load transfer behavior under the influence of strong carbon leakage effect. Secondly, the causes of carbon leakage are analyzed, mitigation measures are proposed, and the corresponding models are established. Then, the solution flow of the bi-level low-carbon planning for power systems is proposed, and a binary heuristic method is designed to improve the convergence of bi-level planning. Finally, the simulation is carried out in the modified IEEE 12-bus system and the modified IEEE 236-bus system to analyze the influence of carbon price and carbon leakage mitigation measures on carbon leakage effect. The case results verify the formation channel and influence of carbon leakage. The mitigating effect and risk of free carbon quota or carbon emission tariff on carbon leakage effect are analyzed, and the convergence of bi-level planning model is studied, which can provide reference for rational carbon regulation in the low-carbon transition path of power systems.关键词：carbon leakage;carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality;low-carbon policy;marginal electricity price;load transfer;power system planning3|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：In response to increasingly serious environmental and energy issues, the research on carbon emission reduction has had a top priority, and the carbon emission flow can distinguish the flow of carbon elements. Based on this research background, a calculation method for carbon emission flow in regional integrated energy systems considering station-network loss allocation is proposed. According to the equivalent transformation rules of double-layer thermal system, the unified structure model of electricity-gas-thermal network is established. On this basis, the network loss of the regional integrated energy system is allocated in both directions, and the carbon emission flow loss is equivalent to the nodes at both ends of the pipeline, and the main body of the carbon emission responsibility corresponding to the network loss is defined. Aiming at the definition of the carbon responsibility of energy stations, based on carbon emission flow hub model considering the loss of energy stations, it is extended to the standardized matrix carbon flow hub. And the unified matrix calculation method of carbon emission flow of regional integrated energy system is adopted to realize the carbon emission flow calculation and analysis under the allocation of station-network loss. The case results verify the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method. The bidirectional allocation of network losses and the carbon emission flow hub model considering energy station losses enable the generation and user sides to more equitably bear the corresponding carbon emission responsibilities. The integration of distributed multi-type renewable energy is beneficial for improving the penetration rate of renewable energy in the entire region and reducing the comprehensive station-network carbon emission flow loss关键词：integrated energy system;renewable energy;carbon emission flow;network loss3|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：With the promotion of carbon emission reduction in the power industry, the electricity-carbon coupling is becoming tighter, which brings new opportunities and challenges for the optimal operation of integrated energy systems. According to the basic characteristics of the new power system such as multi-energy complementarity, cleanliness and low carbon, safety and controllability, flexibility and efficiency, and openness and interaction, a day-ahead multi-stage market trading method with dynamic demand-side electricity-carbon dual response is proposed. First, based on the carbon emission flow theory, the carbon emission information of the source side is transmitted to each park, and the refined “electricity-carbon” linkage of the source-network-load in the power system in the differential operation mode is realized. Then, a multifaceted demand-side electricity-carbon-green certificate trading market is built to encourage more subjects to participate in the market, and fully tap the value of the demand side in economic, environmental and other aspects. Finally, a two-layer optimal scheduling model for integrated energy system between the main grid and each park is established. The main grid at the upper layer releases dynamic electricity price and dynamic carbon emission factors, and the parks on the lower-layer demand side generate effective emission reduction schemes, so that the two sides of the source and load form effective interaction, and the integrated energy system as a whole realizes low-carbon economic operation. The simulation results show that on the basis of more accurate characterization of carbon emissions, the proposed strategy can deeply tap the carbon emission reduction potential of the park, improve the accommodation rate of renewable energy, and effectively balance the economy, security and low carbon of the system by improving the demand-side multifaceted trading market.关键词：demand response;carbon emission;carbon trading;green certificate trading;integrated energy system3|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Aiming at the problem that the potential of electric vehicle cluster scheduling with source-load characteristics is not fully explored to assist low-carbon operation of the power system, this paper proposes a multi-agent collaborative low-carbon economic dispatch strategy in the integrated energy system considering electric vehicles. Firstly, considering the multi-agent electricity trading in the integrated energy system, the optimal operation models of the wind power, the electricity-heat system considering the comprehensively flexible operation of carbon capture and power-to-gas (P2G) systems, and electric vehicles are constructed. Secondly, a multi-agent cooperative operation model in the integrated energy system is established based on the Nash bargaining theory, which is decomposed into a multi-agent alliance benefit maximization sub-problem and the electricity trading payment bargaining sub-problem. The alternating direction method of multipliers is adopted to solve the above two sub-problems by the distributed algorithm and protect the privacy of each agent. Finally, the case simulation results show that the proposed strategy can fully realize the potential of the carbon-capture-P2G system and electric vehicle cluster of supporting wind power accommodation to achieve carbon emission reduction in the integrated energy system, improve the operation efficiency of each agent and the overall efficiency of cooperation alliance, and effectively realize the synergic mutual aid of each agent in the integrated energy system while promoting renewable energy accommodation and improving the low-carbon performance and economy of the integrated energy system.关键词：low-carbon economy dispatch;integrated energy system;renewable energy accommodation;Nash bargaining;carbon capture;power-to-gas (P2G);electric vehicle (EV)3|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Considering the application of personal carbon emission trading mechanism in the optimal scheduling of electric buses, a carbon quota incentive mechanism based on dynamic carbon price is proposed, and electric bus users can sell carbon quotas to obtain certain benefits. Firstly, considering the impact of traffic conditions on the operating time of electric buses, the entry time of electric buses is modified based on the traffic index of weekdays and weekends, and a charging load model for electric buses on weekdays and weekends is constructed. Secondly, the carbon quota incentive mechanism based on dynamic carbon price is applied to the coordinated dispatching strategy of electric buses and renewable energy; a multi-objective function that comprehensively considers the interests of users and the grid is constructed; and the whale algorithm is used to solve the objective function. Finally, based on the economic and performance indicators,a comparative analysis is conducted on two incentive mechanisms, i.e. fixed carbon price and dynamic carbon price. The superiority of the carbon quota incentive mechanism based on dynamic carbon price for the cooperative scheduling strategy of electric buses and renewable energy is verified through example cases.关键词：distribution network;electric bus;carbon quota;incentive mechanism;cooperative optimal scheduling3|1|1更新时间：2025-06-16
Power Energy Transition for Carbon Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality
- 摘要：Integration of renewables is increasing in China’s power grid. This impairs voltage stability of power systems. New instability phenomena have arisen under low voltage ride-through (LVRT) control of renewables. This paper starts from new P-V characteristics of power systems, studies related transient performances, and intuitively explains the physical mechanism of new instability phenomena in practical operation, i.e., continuous LVRT and repeated LVRT. A novel dynamic model of new instability phenomena is established based on the hybrid system theory. To overcome the difficulties in complex expressions and analytical analysis of the hybrid system model, this paper uses existing mature calculating tools and utilizes power-flow results in different boundary conditions. A discrimination method for the transient voltage instabilities is proposed and verified.关键词：power system with high penetration of renewables;voltage stability;low voltage ride-through;transient stability8|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：With the increase in the proportion of renewable energy power generation and external DC feed-in, the inertia demand under the grid transient frequency safety constraints is becoming more and more urgent. The frequency response characteristics of high-proportion renewable energy low-inertia systems are analyzed, and the causes and key influencing factors of the spatiotemporal distribution of system frequency under the large-scale renewable energy in the process of low voltage ride-through are deduced theoretically. From the perspective of reducing the maximum transient frequency deviation of the local power grid and avoiding the action of the local third line of defense, considering the frequency spatiotemporal distribution characteristics as well as the distribution of load, renewable energy and DC, the distribution method for the inertia among different regions in the synchronous power grid is proposed to guide the arrangement of the start-up and output of the synchronous units in the system. The simulation analysis based on the actual large power grid in East China power grid shows that for the power system with large amount of renewable energy generation and DC feed-in, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of system frequency are significantly different under multiple concurrent power impacts caused by short-circuit faults. The proposed method can effectively reduce the difference in frequency spatiotemporal distribution, improve the maximum deviation of local system transient frequency, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.关键词：inertia allocation;frequency spatiotemporal distribution;renewable energy;synchronous unit;low voltage ride- through (LVRT);transient frequency safety6|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：To enhance the performance of the flywheel-thermal power coordinated secondary frequency regulation while controlling the frequency regulation cost and reducing the flywheel system loss, this paper proposes a load allocation strategy based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm considering automatic generation control (AGC) commands and grid frequency deviations for flywheel-thermal power coordinated system. The proposed strategy aims to minimize three layers of objectives: grid frequency deviation, the sum of flywheel-thermal power output energy, and flywheel losses, which takes into account constraints such as the ramp rate and load reserve of thermal power generating units, state of charge (SOC) and power of flywheels. The weighting coefficients of flywheel and thermal power output are dynamically adjusted by rate of change of automatic generation control (AGC) power commands and frequency deviations based on the improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ). The virtual droop and inertia coefficients of the flywheel are also ajusted based on the frequency deviation and its changing direction. The proposed strategy solves the flywheel-thermal power output ratio, flywheel droop coefficient, and flywheel inertia coefficient. Combining historical data, including AGC commands at a certain power plant with flywheel energy storage-assisted thermal power frequency regulation, simulation experiments are conducted on a two-area two-machine system model. The results indicate that the load allocation strategy effectively reduces the secondary frequency regulation deviation and adjustment time of thermal power, improves the frequency regulation performance, and controls the system output energy and flywheel losses at the same time.关键词：thermal power;flywheel energy storage;frequency regulation;load allocation strategy;multi-objective genetic algorithm;virtual droop;virtual inertia5|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is a key component of the new power system. With the wide access of a large number of intelligent terminals and heterogeneous communication links, the risk of cyber-attacks is increasing. Therefore, a method of cyber-attack damage path diagram construction and quantitative risk assessment for power AMI is proposed to quantitatively analyze the impact of cyber-attacks on power system. Firstly, considering three kinds of cyber-attack scenarios in AMI, the attack damage path diagram and Bayesian attack diagram of each scenario are constructed. Secondly, considering the difficulty of vulnerability exploitation and the skill level of attackers, the mean time to compromise (MTTC) model of vulnerability is established to calculate the attack probability of each attack target. Then, a load loss evaluation model for false data injection in AMI is established, and the load reduction is solved. Combined with the attack probability, a comprehensive quantitative assessment model of security risk is proposed. Finally, based on the IEEE 39-bus system, the MTTC of different levels of attackers in different attack damage paths of AMI is compared and analyzed, and the security risk value of the system under cyber-attacks is calculated, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.关键词：cyber security;risk assessment;advanced metering infrastructure;cyber-attack;new power system;attack damage path diagram5|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Accurate real-time topology identification of distribution networks is the basis for safe and stable operation of power systems, but with the access of renewable energy and the increasing scale of distribution network, the dynamic changes of the distribution network topology are more frequent and difficult to identify. However, the historical data used by the existing topology identification algorithms need to be labeled manually, and the topology identification time is long. So it is difficult to achieve real-time topology identification for distribution networks. Therefore, a real-time two-stage topology identification algorithm for distribution networks based on field programmable logic gate array (FPAG) is proposed. The proposed algorithm does not need to know the number of distribution network topology categories in advance, and can label and classify the existing historical data, and realize the real-time topology identification for distribution networks based on FPGA. The algorithm is divided into two stages. The first stage uses the variational Bayesian Gaussian mixture model to label and classify the existing historical data. In the second stage, the sparrow search algorithm is used to make the support vector machine converge quickly to get the optimal parameters, so as to realize the accurate topology identification for distribution networks. Based on this algorithm, a real-time topology identification platform is established by using FPGA parallel architecture and high speed and high density characteristics. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed identification method are verified by case analysis.关键词：distribution network;topology identification;field programmable gate array (FPGA);variational Bayesian Gaussian mixture model;sparrow search algorithm;support vector machine5|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：In view of the problem of heavy overload of distribution lines caused by high proportion of distributed photovoltaic integration, a comprehensive optimization method for distribution line upgrading and switch configuration based on sequential complementary line interconnection and flexible load shaping is proposed. Considering the willingness of flexible load power regulation, line load rate, and power reverse constraints, a calculation method for the potential of flexible load shaping and the demand of line segment shaping is proposed. On this basis, a bi-level comprehensive optimization model of upgrading and switch configuration for the active distribution line considering flexible load shaping is established. The upper-level model aims to minimize the annual planning cost of distribution lines, balance the net load power of line segments and flexible resources for the line selection and switch configuration. The lower-level model aims to minimize the annual operation cost of the line for the network reconstruction and load curve shaping. Through interactive iteration of the upper-level and lower-level models, the optimization scheme for the interconnection line renovation is obtained. The upper-level and lower-level models are solved by using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, second-order cone and big-M method, respectively. Simulation results show that the proposed method can improve the asset utilization rate of interconnected lines, the economy and reliability of the planning scheme, and the flexible load shaping of interconnected lines is conducive to breaking through the limit of 50% line load rate.关键词：distribution network;line selection;switch configuration;flexible load;asset utilization;bi-level planning model5|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The operational uncertainty of distribution networks and the unknown but bounded characteristic of measurement errors make it difficult to achieve accurate state awareness of the system. Therefore, this paper proposes an interval state estimation method for distribution networks considering time-delay fusion in multi-source measurement environments. First, the measurement range of the distribution-level phasor measurement unit (D-PMU) is expanded to increase high-precision measurement redundancy, and a fusion strategy for multi-source measurement data is proposed to achieve the synchronization of measurement data at the sampling time. Subsequently, an interval state estimation model considering measurement uncertainty is established based on the interval number, and the interval measurement function is linearized to reduce model complexity. Then, an improved Krawczyk-Moore (KM) algorithm combining interval constraint propagation is proposed to solve the interval state estimation model. The improved KM operator is employed to set a reasonable initial solution interval, and interval constraint propagation is introduced to alleviate the excessive expansion problem of intervals in the KM algorithm. Simulation results based on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system and the IEEE 118-bus distribution system show that the proposed method ensures interval completeness while reducing the conservatism of the estimated interval effectively.关键词：distribution network;multi-source measurement data;fusion;interval state estimation;Krawczyk-Moore algorithm5|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The increasing penetration rate of renewable energy in new power systems has led to a complex and ever-changing coordinated operation environment for transmission and distribution networks, posing higher challenges to the convergence of transmission and distribution coordinated optimization algorithms. In view of this, based on the generalized master-slave splitting method (GMSSM), the transmission and distribution coordinated reactive power optimization problem is decomposed into parallel optimization problems of the transmission network and multiple distribution networks. To improve the computational efficiency of the GMSSM, a bidirectional Anderson acceleration strategy is proposed based on the interaction of multiple information such as power and voltage, as well as historical information correction. On this basis, a transmission and distribution coordinated reactive power optimization method combining primal dual interior point method, heuristic algorithm, and auxiliary function is proposed to achieve the coordinated coordination and optimization control of multiple types of flexible resources in the transmission and distribution networks. The simulation results of the case show that the proposed method can effectively improve the convergence performance of the master-slave splitting method boundary, and has better application value in the scenarios of transmission and distribution coordinated reactive power optimization with large-scale distributed generators.关键词：new power system;transmission and distribution coordinated optimization;reactive power optimization;generalized master-slave splitting method (GMSSM);bidirectional Anderson accelerated algorithm5|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
Basic Research
- 摘要：Grid-following (GFL) converters are prone to broadband oscillation instability in weak grids, while grid-forming (GFM) converters can still operate stably in ultra-weak grids. With the gradual application of GFM converters in the field, it is necessary to study the optimal configuration problem of two types of converters. First, to improve the oscillation stability of weak grids in renewable energy stations, two combined control methods for the GFL and GFM converters are proposed. Then, the oscillation security region of the converter grid-connected system is defined based on the impedance stability analysis results, and the polynomial fitting method is used to realize the fast search for the boundary of the oscillation security region. Next, considering the constraints of oscillation stability and economic viability across the whole operating region, an optimal configuration method for the capacity of GFL and GFM converters is proposed. Finally, verification is conducted through electromagnetic transient simulation. The results indicate that the proposed polynomial fitting method can accurately and rapidly search the boundary of the oscillation security region, and the proposed combined control and optimal configuration method can guarantee the oscillation stability in the whole operating region for the renewable energy stations.关键词：grid-forming;grid-following;combined control;broadband oscillation;security region;whole operating region5|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：At present, the research on spatial load forecasting lacks the consideration of complex spatial-temporal relationship. Therefore, a regional ultra-short-term spatio-temporal load forecasting model considering multi-dimensional and multi-source features is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the existing regional-level load, cell partitioning is carried out to construct a graph topology that considers cell correlation. Secondly, effective features are extracted from the spatial, feature, and temporal dimensions through the graph attention network, one dimensional convolutional network and gated recurrent unit, connecting the fully connected layers to output the results. Finally, simulation validation is conducted based on the real power load data from the New England region of the United States, and model attention weights are extracted to analyze the spatial dependencies between cells. The results show that, compared with the traditional models, the proposed model provides higher accuracy and stability with different prediction steps, effectively exploiting the spatial dependence of regional spatial load.关键词：load forecasting;load spatial distribution;convolutional neural network;gated recurrent unit;Attention mechanism;interpretability5|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：An operation section image generation and feature extraction method for new power system considering spatio-temporal integrity is proposed to address the problem of insufficient adaptability of scheduling schemes due to the complex and varied operation scenarios and numerous scheduling objectives of the new power system.Firstly, based on the data of the historical operation section of the system, from the two dimensions of time and space, the mathematical representation form of the time-series operation section considering spatio-temporal integrity is defined. Then, around the high-dimensional and nonlinear data characteristics of the operation section, a high-dimensional space conversion algorithm for the operation section based on the Gramian angular summation field is designed, and the high-dimensional time-series operation data is encoded into operation section images. Finally, using VGG16 as the base model, retaining its first 13 convolutional layers, and introducing the global max pool layer (GMP) to replace the fully connected layer at the end, the VGG13_GMP feature extraction model of the system operation section image is constructed. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are verified through the case analysis.关键词：new power system;operation section;image generation;convolutional neural network;feature extraction5|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The alternate arm converter (AAC) has the advantages of a small number of submodules and low capacitance, which shows great potential for applications in AC/DC system power-interconnection and flexible DC transmission. Aiming at the operation defects of the AAC with fixed modulation degree and the economics of the submodule capacitance of AAC in engineering, this paper proposes a submodule capacitance optimization method and a closed-loop control strategy for AAC based on the third harmonic injection. The topology and operation principle of AAC are introduced in this paper. According to the energy balance equation of the converter, the extended modulation degree operation condition of AAC after the third harmonic injection is given, and a closed-loop control strategy for AAC is designed. Then, the energy fluctuation equation of AAC is established based on the mathematical model of submodule voltage fluctuation, which can obtain energy fluctuation models with different modulation degrees and power factor angles. The reduced energy fluctuation peak value and the submodule capacitance optimization rate after the third harmonic injection are quantitatively analyzed. The proposed submodule capacitance optimization method and closed-loop control strategy achieve stable operation of AAC in a wide modulation degree range, while the injected third harmonic does not change the AAC energy balance condition. The proposed method could reduce the capacitance of AAC submodule to 12.1% of the conventional method. Finally, the model is built in the electromagnetic transient simulation software and the StarSim semi-physical platform to verify the effectiveness of the proposed analysis method and the control strategy.关键词：high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission;alternate arm converter (AAC);capacitance optimization;energy fluctuation equation;energy balance;phase-shifted conduction5|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
Application Research
- 摘要：With the integration of large scale and high proportion of distributed generators into the power grid operation, the distributed economic dispatch system has received more attention due to its significant advantages. However, the distinctive distributed communication architecture, the iterative solving process of optimization problems and the multi-stakeholder participation mode of the system provide a broader spatiotemporal landscape for implementing cyber attacks originating both internally and externally to the system. The modes and methods of attacks are consequently more intricate and diverse. Addressing information security problems is a vital prerequisite and foundation for enhancing the practicality of distributed economic dispatch system. This paper aims to summarize the current research status of potential information security problems and response measures in distributed economic dispatch systems. Firstly, the adaptability of various communication technologies in the power system to distributed economic dispatch systems and the security risks inherent in communication technologies are discussed. Secondly, two typical information security problems, i.e., external cyber attacks and internal malicious behavior, are introduced, and relevant characteristic analysis and impact assessment are conducted. Then, the detection, prevention, and suppression measures and methods for two types of information security problems are summarized and analyzed. Finally, the establishment of an information security problem model and the construction of an integrated security defense system are discussed.关键词：distributed economic dispatch;information security;external cyber attack;internal malicious behavior;cyber-physical system;blockchain6|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
Review
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