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最新刊期
卷 47 ， 期 8 ， 2023
- 摘要：The accelerated integration of traditional power systems with other energy systems leads to a new ecology of energy interconnection. In the Energy Internet, the separation of data usage rights and data ownership, and the separation of information resources and computation resources make the privacy preservation problem of multi-party collaborative optimization increasingly prominent. Starting from the analysis of typical modes for collaborative optimization of Energy Internet, this paper summarizes the privacy risks of the traditional agent computation mode with a third party, and interactive computation mode without any third party. Preliminary technical schemes for mechanism collaborative optimization of Energy Internet considering privacy preservation are proposed. First, a secure agent computation scheme based on information masking is proposed for the scenarios with a third party. In this scheme, the characteristics of information masking algorithms, the construction method for operators and its application scenarios at the user level, cluster level and system level based on cloud services are studied. Then, a secure multi-party interactive computation scheme based on secret sharing principle is proposed for the scenarios without any third party. Combined with the multi-centric and fully distributed application architectures, the differences in characteristics of this scheme when applied to the scenarios with a large number of clients or a small number of clients are analyzed. The proposed schemes protect the rights and interests of data owners from the perspective of data privacy and computation security, reduce the risk of data disclosure in collaborative optimization computation of Energy Internet, and finally achieve reliable privacy preservation.关键词：Energy Internet;collaborative optimization;privacy preservation;secure multi-party computation;information masking;secret sharing3|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Constructing the new power system is an important development direction of national energy strategy of China, and ensuring the cyber security of the new power system is very significant. First, this paper deeply analyzes the cyber security risks introduced by the changes in the power supply structure, grid form, business model, and technical basis in the environment of the new power system. Then, combined with the existing cyber security protection measures, the cyber security protection requirements for the new power system are proposed in terms of trusted access, intelligent perception, precise protection and linked response. Finally, the key technologies of future new power system cyber security involving access security, endogenous security, data security, communication security, security assessment and simulation verification and other key research and application directions are discussed and prospected.关键词：new power system;renewable energy;cyber security;protection;intelligent perception4|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：With the wide deployment of communication devices and the continuous development of information technologies, the cyber risk faced by the the new power system cannot be ignored. This paper proposes an emergency fault screening method considering cyber risks whose process is an attacker penetrating through a remote maintenance configuration interface provided by an equipment vendor and then sending commands to circuit breakers through intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) to cause multiple line trips. First, the generalized stochastic Petri net is adopted to model the dynamic process of the substation under cyber attack and calculate the steady-state probability of different abnormal states in the substation. Then, a definition of the risk to power systems from IED cyber attacks is given, and a two-layer mixed-integer nonlinear model is built to screen the substations, IEDs, and their controlled lines that are likely to be attacked. Finally, based on the dual theory and the combination of log-taking, piecewise linearization and other linearization methods, the two-layer model is transformed into a single-layer mixed-integer linear optimization model which can be directly solved by the commercial solver Gurobi. The case analysis results based on IEEE RTS 24-bus system and IEEE 118-bus system validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and prove that the classical N-K and probabilistic N-K two-layer mixed-integer optimization models are not suitable for fault screening in IED cyber-attack scenarios.关键词：substation cyber attack;fault screening;risk assessment;two-layer mixed-integer optimization;generalized stochastic Petri net2|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The interaction between the power private network and the public Internet can deeply tap the flexibility potential of the virtual power plants. However, when providing flexibility services, the virtual power plant is vulnerable to cyber attacks on the public network side, resulting in a lack of flexibility, which affects the operation safety of the new power system. Aiming at the scenario of virtual power plants suffering from coordinated cyber attacks, first, according to the operation mechanism and communication network architecture of virtual power plants, the potential ways of cyber attacks on the public Internet side are given. Secondly, a mixed logical dynamical model of electric vehicles is established to deduce its flexibility regulation capacity in the subsequent time sections. Then, the event-driven models of two typical cyber attacks, i.e. false data injection and denial of service, are established. Based on this, the dynamic deduction method of power grid security state based on even-driven hybird flow model is obtained. Finally, the modified IEEE 30-bus system is simulated, and the results show that the proposed method can depict the cross-space propagation paths of coordinated cyber attacks and quantify the harm of coordinated cyber attacks to power grids, which lay a foundation for grid operators to carry out dynamic risk assessment and cyber security protection.关键词：virtual power plant;coordinated cyber attack;false data injection;denial of service;hybrid flow model;event-driven model;cross-space fault2|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The distributed control methods of microgrids relie on sparse communication networks, which may seriously affect the control effect under cyber-attacks, and even cause the system instability. Considering the false data injection (FDI) attack, first, a mathematical model of FDI attack is established for isolated AC microgrids in distributed control mode. Secondly, the vulnerability of the system under FDI attack is analyzed. On this basis, a distributed resilient control method of microgrid against FDI attacks based on the adaptive control theory is proposed. The proposed method can achieve the established control objectives under bounded or unbounded FDI attacks and has good dynamic performance. Then, the convergence of distributed resilient controller is proven strictly by Lyapunov theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified by time-domain simulation in a variety of scenarios.关键词：microgrid;resilence;distributed control;cyber-attack;false data injection attack2|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：With the further expansion of the scale of the user-side heterogeneous power Internet-of-Things device (UPID) in the distribution network integrating into the power system, it has brought a new cyber threat to the power system, namely the manipulation of demand (MAD) attack. In this context, it is necessary for the power system to manage and control the operation security of UPID in the distribution network. To this end, the software defined network (SDN) is integrated into the power cyber-physical system, and a dynamic routing strategy for the control instructions of UPID in the distribution network is proposed. First, the edge computing server is deployed in each substation for massive device data. Secondly, a three-stage dynamic routing strategy is constructed by considering the associated operating power and dynamic credit of control instructions, as well as the power system network structure. Finally, the SDN controller is used to realize the local control for control instructions. Simulation results show that the proposed SDN-based dynamic routing strategy can effectively avoid the malicious impact on the power system caused by large-scale abnormal actions of the UPID in the distribution network by refusing to forward low-credit control instructions, and provide a solution and implementation scheme for the power system to resist the MAD attacks.关键词：distribution network;user side;software defined network;edge computing;security management and control;power Internet-of-Things device2|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Aiming at the privacy preservation and real-time decision-making problems of the optimal dispatch for distributed generators, a multi-agent distributed collaborative optimization strategy based on federated reinforcement learning is proposed. First, a distributed collaborative optimization framework for the distribution network based on federated reinforcement learning is constructed, which uses federated learning to avoid leaking private data in the process of multi-agent deep reinforcement learning. Under this framework, a multi-agent constrained policy optimization method is proposed, which uses off-line training to shorten the online decision-making time for supporting the real-time distributed decision-making of agents. At the same time, the proposed method constructs a feasible region for agents considering the constraints such as power flow equations, allowing them to explore freely during the training process, which improves the convergence speed and ensures that the real-time dispatch strategy can meet the power system security operation constraints. Finally, the simulation results show that each agent can achieve the global optimization only by using local information during off-line training, and the proposed method ensures the security of real-time decision-making and dispatch strategy.关键词：distributed generator;distributed collaborative optimization;deep reinforcement learning;federated reinforcement learning;privacy preservation2|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：In the integrated electricity-gas energy system, the power system and the natural gas system belong to different agents and need to be collaborated distributedly. In the distributed collaboration process under the weakly-centralized framework, the algorithm convergence is achieved through direct information interaction between the agents and the coordination center, and the private information of each agent faces serious risk of leakage. To solve this problem, a full privacy-preserving decentralized coordination algorithm is proposed to achieve the full privacy preservation under the “weakly-centralized framework”. The algorithm introduces the theory of multi-party security computation into the distributed collaborative framework and achieves full privacy preservation in a “weakly-centralized framework” by means of homomorphic encryption technology in the form of ciphertexts for electricity-gas collaboration. Meanwhile, this paper proposes an adaptive convexification and feasibility recovery method to solve the nonconvex natural gas system subproblem, which improves the solution speed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified through the analysis of cases.关键词：privacy preservation;homomorphic encryption;integrated energy system;distributed collaboration2|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：With the rapid advancement of new infrastructure and channel computing resources from the east to the west in China, cloud computing becomes an important supporting means for the dispatch decision-making of the new power system. For the potential information security risks during the cloud computing process, based on the concept of proactive deception, a privacy preservation method adapted to the dispatch decision-making model for the distribution network is proposed. By constructing a randomized virtual distribution network associated with the real distribution network, this method maintains the sparsity of the dispatch decision-making model on the premise of preventing privacy disclosure, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the cloud computing. First, combined with the principle of affine transformation, the problem of low solution efficiency faced by the existing privacy preservation method for the dispatch decision-making model is discussed. Secondly, according to the scale-free network model, the generation method of the associated virtual distribution network is designed; the conversion principle between different distribution networks is deduced; and the construction method of the virtual dispatch decision-making model is proposed. Then, a cloud computing framework based on the double-check mechanism is designed to ensure the correctness and credibility of the results through the mutual validation of cloud computing results from different service providers. Finally, numerical experiments are carried out based on 6-bus and IEEE 906-bus system to verify the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.关键词：distribution network dispatch;decision-making;privacy preservation;cloud computing;topology transformation;proactive deception2|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
Cyber Security and Privacy Preservation in Perspective of Cyber-Physical-Society Systems
- 摘要：In the market environment, micro-energy grid aggregators can adjust the power purchased from and sold to the distribution network by adjusting the energy equipment output of internal micro-energy grid to obtain the shaping compensation. In view of the high cost of current distribution network planning, the need to improve the utilization rate of equipment assets, and the failure to fully tap the power regulation potential of micro-energy grid aggregators, a line selection and planning method for the distribution network considering the load curve shaping is proposed. Considering the internal source-load uncertainty of micro-energy grid aggregators and load rate and peak-valley difference rate constraints of the distribution network, a shaping potential evaluation method for micro-energy grid aggregators and a shaping demand calculation method for the distribution network are proposed. On this basis, a bi-level model of distribution network optimization planning considering the aggregation and shaping of micro-energy grid is established. The upper-level model aims at the optimal comprehensive benefit of the distribution network and micro-energy grid aggregators, and the lower-level model aims at the lowest adjustment cost of the micro-energy grid aggregators to achieve the best social benefit and the optimal distribution of shaping power. The upper-level and lower-level models adopt the genetic algorithm with reserved elitism and the branch and bound method, respectively, and are solved by using the commercial software CPLEX. The simulation results of a case show that the proposed method can improve the asset utilization and the economy of the planning scheme.关键词：distribution network planning;micro-energy grid;aggregator;load curve shaping;asset utilization2|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Aiming at the bidding problem of wind power-energy storage integrated stations (referred to as wind-storage station) serving as an price-maker in the day-ahead energy market and reserve market, an electric quantity-reserve joint bidding decision-making method based on residual demand curve is proposed. Firstly, the feasible electric quantity-reserve bidding pairs are generated within the scope of day-ahead bidding of the wind-storage station, considering the operation constraints of the energy storage system as well as the coupling relationship between the electric quantity and the reserve market. The corresponding market clearing price is forecasted and calculated based on neural network. The joint modelling method of residual demand curve is proposed for the electric quantity and reserve market. Secondly, a stochastic optimization decision-making model is established for joint bidding in both day-ahead electric quantity and reserve. The day-ahead output power schemes and reserve capacity of the energy storage system are adjusted with the goal of maximizing the income expectation of the wind-storage station. At the same time, the real-time deviation penalty of wind-storage station can be reduced by dispatching the reserve capacity of the energy storage system while considering the uncertainty of the real-time market. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed bidding decision-making method is verified by numerical simulation.关键词：wind power;energy storage;bidding decision-making;residual demand curve;price maker;uncertainty2|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：On the one hand, industrial users such as cement plants have high emission attributes. On the other hand, they also have considerable demand response potential, which can be used as one of the important means for the power system to deal with the uncertainty of renewable energy power generation such as wind power. Therefore, in the environmental economic dispatch of power system containing wind power, this paper fully considers the emission characteristics of air pollutants and carbon of cement plants and their demand response ability, so as to realize the green and low-carbon operation of source-load coordination in the power system. First, the emission characteristics of air pollutants from thermal power units on the source side and cement plants on the load side are analyzed. Taking into account the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of air pollutants and the environmental capacity margin of the area near the pollution source, the calculation model of environmental protection cost of thermal power units and cement plants is proposed. At the same time, the carbon emission characteristics of thermal power units and cement plants are considered, and the stepped carbon emission cost model is used to calculate the carbon emission cost of thermal power units and cement plants. On this basis, the load optimization model of the cement plant is proposed, cement plants are mobilized to participate in the demand response by means of stepped time-of-use price, and the environmental economic dispatch model of the power system containing wind power with source-load coordination is constructed. Finally, an example analysis is carried out based on the modified IEEE 39-bus system. The results show that the proposed model can not only realize the win-win situation of reducing the costs of both power grid side and cement plants, but also reduce the overall carbon emission of source and load in the power system.关键词：environmental economic dispatch;demand response;air pollutant emission;carbon emission;Gaussian puff model;stepped time-of-use price;typical industrial load2|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Coordinated control of load-side flexible resources to accommodate wind power is one of the key technologies for constructing a new power system. Considering that the forecast accuracy of wind power increases with the shortening of the forecast time scale, this paper proposes a multi-time-scale optimal scheduling strategy for flexible loads such as seawater desalination and electric heating to accommodate the redundant wind power. First, the power and electricity balance relationship of the coordinated accommodation of wind power by the multi-variable system is analyzed. A model of operating characteristics of adjustable support capacity of seawater desalination and electric heating loads is established. Then, considering the scheduling advantages and operation boundaries of load, the adaptability of scheduling demand of wind power accommodation at different time scales is analyzed and a multi-time-scale optimal scheduling mechanism is established. On this basis, the day-ahead, intra-day and real-time optimal scheduling models are established. A multi-time-scale optimal scheduling method is proposed for the coordinated accommodation of wind power in a multi-media and multi-energy flow system containing electricity-water-heat-storage. Finally, the numerical analysis is carried out by taking the winter heating period of a coastal city in northern China as an example. The results show that this method has a strong ability to follow the fluctuation of wind power in both positive and negative peak-shaving output of wind power. It can effectively improve the wind power utilization rate and operation economy.关键词：multi-time-scale;optimal scheduling;wind power accommodation;seawater desalination;electric heating;flexible load2|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The high proportion of renewable energy connected to the power grid makes the uncertainty of the system increasingly prominent, which puts forward higher requirements for the energy supply capacity and response capacity of the system. In order to meet the requirements for high flexibility and high reliability of the system, and fully tap the ability of coupling and complementary coordination among electricity-gas-heat energy sources, an optimal scheduling model of the integrated energy system (IES) considering operation flexibility and energy supply reliability constraints is presented. On the basis of clarifying the concept of flexibility and reliability, the interaction mechanism of improving flexibility and reliability is analyzed. Accordingly, the evaluation indexes of operation flexibility and reliability are deduced, respectively, and the coordination index to demonstrate the interaction influence between them is defined. Based on this, an optimal scheduling model of the IES considering the coordination effect of operation flexibility and energy supply reliability is established by using cost-benefit analysis method and equal response risk method. The nonlinear terms in the model are linearized by incremental linearization, and then directly solved by the mixed-integer linear programming method. Finally, the improved electricity-gas-heat IES 24-20-16 system and electricity-gas-heat IES 118-20-16 system are taken as cases to verify the feasibility of the model and method proposed in this paper.关键词：integrated energy system (IES);optimal scheduling;flexibility;reliability;coordination index2|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a kind of clean energy storage technology. The integration of CAES into the power system provides a new solution for achieving accommodation of high proportion of renewable energy, and it has an impact on the reliability evaluation of the power generation and transmission system. First, the Markov method is used to establish a general failure probability model for CAES, and the model can consider the damage of air storage container. Secondly, a system index that can reflect the energy leakage on the energy storage side is proposed for this model, and the impacts of different control parameters of CAES on the indices of the power generation and transmission system are discussed. Then, the sensitivity analysis method is used to identify its key components, which affects the indices of the combination module, device of CAES and power generation and transmission system in the modified IEEE RTS-79 system. And it can be combined with the classical dichotomy theory to quantify the capacity credit of CAES integration. Finally, the influence of wind farm and CAES coordination on the system reliability is discussed. The evaluation results can provide useful reference for the design and configuration scheme of CAES.关键词：compressed air energy storage (CAES);Markov modeling;reliability evaluation;sensitivity analysis;confidence capacity3|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The continuous increase of wind power penetration rate has brought great challenges to the calculation of power balance, grid operation scheduling and system frequency stability. In order to quantify the uncertainty of regional wind power generation, a direct multi-step probability prediction model for wind power clusters is proposed. First, in order to effectively exploit the spatial-temporal correlation between the data of every wind farm and the total power output of clusters, the maximum mutual information coefficient (MIC) method is used to select the reference station and key input characteristic variables. Then, based on the sequence-sequence network architecture, combined with the probability prediction characteristics of quantile regression (QR) method and the advantages of WaveNet which can capture a wide range of time-dependent characteristics, a multi-horizon quantile (MQ)-WaveNet model is designed for probability prediction of wind power clusters, which can realize the MQ probability prediction of wind power in multiple steps for wind power clusters. Finally, the operation data of 12 adjacent large-scale wind farms in the southeast wind region of Hami, Xinjiang in China are selected for case study. The results show that the proposed model can effectively predict the power output of wind power clusters only by using the key feature variables of reference stations. The model has low complexity and is easy to be applied in engineering.关键词：wind power prediction;power generation;multi-quantile;multi-step probability prediction;maximum mutual information coefficient;WaveNet2|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Real information interaction is one of the key factors for coordinated and optimal dispatch of microgrid clusters. From a system of systems (SoS) perspective, the purpose of forming a microgrid cluster for the coordinated and optimal operation is to maximize the overall and individual benefits. Therefore, the information interaction that damages the efficiency of microgrid cluster operation is false information. False information injection is bound to have an impact on the safe, economic, and stable operation of microgrid clusters. In order to deal with the problem that false information injection affects the optimal operation of microgrid clusters, the SoS approach is introduced to build a fully distributed optimal dispatch model of microgrid clusters considering false information injection based on the architecture of microgrid clusters with false information injection, and a mechanism to detect, locate and punish false information in microgrid clusters is proposed by combining the improved alternating direction method of multipliers and consistency algorithm. This mechanism can effectively reduce the impact of false information injection on the coordinated and optimal operation of microgrid clusters. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and the “false information” processing mechanism is verified through the analysis of cases.关键词：microgrid cluster;distributed optimization dispatch;false information injection;system of systems2|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：False data injection attack (FDIA) has become a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of power grids due to its high concealment and destructiveness. The imbalance characteristics between attack samples and normal samples affect the attack detection accuracy of the model. Meanwhile, the emergence of multi-type FDIA makes existing algorithms have limitations in identifying attack types. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes a multi-type FDIA identification method for power grids based on oversampling and cascade machine learning. First, the FDIA attack path in the power grid coupling interaction process is explored, and multi-type attack behaviors are analyzed. Then, the attack pseudo-samples are generated through the process of clustering, filtering and linear interpolation, and the measurement data balance algorithm based on K-means-synthetic minority oversampling technique (K-means-Smote) is designed. Finally, a multi-type FDIA identification model with improved cascade machine learning is constructed by combining fine-grained feature scanning and an ensemble learning strategy of multiple classifiers. Simulation experiments show that the proposed identification method can effectively identify a variety of FDIA types, with high identification accuracy, low false alarm rate, stable and excellent performance, even for small samples.关键词：power cyber-physical system;false data injection attack;attack detection;oversampling;cascade machine learning2|4|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：With the increasing demand for energy management of devices by residential users, the non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) technology with low hardware cost has great engineering application value. At present, the load monitoring deep network has the problem of outputting false positive power segments, which leads to the misjudgment of on/off operation status of the electric appliance and affects the accuracy of load decomposition. Therefore, an NILM method based on multi-task learning is proposed. First, a load monitoring inference framework based on the multi-branch convolutional network and improved post-processing is established. Based on the main branch of the load power decomposition network, an on/off status evaluation subbranch network is set up, and the supervision information of on/off sequence of the electric appliance is introduced. The gradient backpropagation process during network training is adjusted by the multi-task aggregation loss function, which reduces the misjudgment rate of the operation status. Then, the weighted mean filtering is used to post-process the on/off status evaluation value and power output value of the network to further reduce the load decomposition error. Finally, the comparative experiments are carried out on the UK-DALE data set. The experimental results show that the proposed method can well separate the electric appliance load containing complex power characteristics, and the effectiveness of the method is verified.关键词：non-intrusive load monitoring;multi-task learning;Attention mechanism;residual convolution2|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The existing system frequency response (SFR) model considers the synthetic inertia (SI) control of wind power in a relatively simple way, and does not adequately consider the wind speed differences in the wind farm and the rotor speed recovery stage, which is difficult to accurately reflect the system frequency characteristics. Therefore, an extended SFR model is proposed. First, the mechanism of SI control of wind power is discussed. The interaction of the wind turbine speed and system frequency in the dynamic process after disturbance is analyzed. Then, based on the dynamic model of wind turbines, the transfer functions of wind turbine at the frequency regulation stage and the rotor speed recovery stage are derived by using the small signal linearization method, and the extended SFR model containing single equivalent wind turbine is built. For the wind farm with multiple wind speeds, a prediction-modification clustering method for wind turbines based on the critical wind speed and the wind speed similarity is proposed. The wind turbines at the same stage and with similar dynamics are divided into the same group for aggregation, and the extended SFR model with multiple equivalent generators is constructed. Finally, the extended SFR model is applied in the frequency response calculation of the modified 10-generator 39-bus system. The simulation results show that the model better reflects the influence of wind power frequency regulation on frequency, and has high accuracy and high calculation speed.关键词：system frequency response model;wind turbine;synthetic inertia control;clustering;critical wind speed2|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The flexible DC transmission system based on the modular multilevel converter (MMC) has negative damping characteristics in its high-frequency band regularly due to link delay, which is prone to interact with the impedance of the AC system and causes high-frequency oscillation. To completely eliminate the negative damping of MMC, a passive suppression method of parallel C-type filter at AC bus is proposed. By designing the series resonant branch of the C-type filter to resonate at the fundamental frequency, the fundamental-frequency active power loss of the filter can be reduced. In addition, a parameter design method based on the first negative damping frequency band is proposed, and the component cost is considered in the parameter selection. The electromagnetic transient simulation results show that the proposed C-type filter and its parameter design method can significantly reduce fundamental-frequency active power loss, effectively suppress the high-frequency oscillation of MMC, and will not affect the steady-state and transient characteristics of the system.关键词：flexible DC transmission;modular multilevel converter (MMC);passive damping;impedance reshaping;high-frequency oscillation suppression;parameter design2|5|0更新时间：2025-06-16
Basic Research
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