English Version Journal Login
EN
最新刊期
卷 45 ， 期 6 ， 2021
- 摘要：The spot market is the key point in the electricity market. By generating time-varying and regional price signals, the spot market can promote resource allocation to a better level and form executable plans for dispatch. The development of the electricity spot markets in Europe, USA and China is discussed. Four key and common issues for construction of electricity spot markets are outlined, including regional market integration, capacity adequacy mechanism, market participation of new players, market operation improvement. Furthermore, future development trends of electricity market in China are prospected, in terms of institutional mechanisms, market systems, spot market expansion, spot market price formation, spot market participants, spot market clearing models and ancillary service mechanisms.关键词：spot market;market integration;market clearing;capacity adequacy;ancillary service5|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The coordination between medium- and long-term physical contract delivery and power grid operation constraints is a key issue to the design of the spot market clearing model in the decentralized market mode. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the European spot market clearing model in the decentralized market mode. According to the difference of electricity trading and dispatch management systems between China and Europe, a market clearing model which achieves coordinated optimization of day-ahead spot transactions, medium- and long-term physical contract delivery and grid congestion management is designed. Under the designed model, generators are allowed to independently decide the start-up and shut-down plans on the next day. The congestion management and Pareto improvement of the electricity generation plan of medium- and long-term physical contracts can be realized through the reverse transaction bidding mechanism, and the model solving problem in the extreme supply and demand situation is solved by introducing the slack variable of supply and demand balance. The simulation results based on IEEE 30-bus system show that the model can adapt to the operation needs of different market scenarios and improve the overall social welfare in the two stages of day-ahead market and real-time balancing.关键词：electricity market;day-ahead market;physical contract;congestion management;social welfare3|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Renewable energy, mainly constituting of wind power, photovoltaic and hydropower, has become an important form of energy supply in China and is widely involved in electricity market transactions. It has become a key task to guarantee and promote renewable energy accommodation through market mechanisms for construction of electricity market in China, especially in the spot market. In this paper, the guaranteed accommodation of renewable energy is integrated into the mechanism design of electricity markets and the clearing mechanism triggered in the event of energy abandonment in the spot market is proposed. On the basis of primary clearing calculation in the spot market, when renewable curtailment happens, the bidding price of abandoned power units is firstly revised. The price zone is scaled while maintaining the power plant quotation sequence and the bidding price is amended to be the price receiver with priority of clearing. Secondly, another clearing is carried out based on the revised bidding information to achieve the guaranteed accommodation of renewable energy. Based on the results of two-step clearing, a settlement compensation mechanism with incentive compatibility is proposed. In order to fully consider the operation characteristics of renewable energy, the complex constraints of cascaded hydropower stations such as water level control, water balance and cascade coupling, are especially introduced into the clearing model. Finally, an improved IEEE 30-bus system is used to verify the proposed market mechanism.关键词：renewable energy;guaranteed accommodation;mechanism design;clearing model;cascaded hydropower3|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：In the electricity market, the price caps and other reasons cause the “missing money”, resulting in the problems such as the inadequacy of power generation capacity. The operation reserve demand curve (ORDC) represented by Texas in the United State is one of the mature methods for solving this problem in foreign electricity markets. However, the ORDC of Texas is relatively static, and the principle of deriving reserve price adder is not clearly disclosed to the public. To this end, the dynamic ORDC formula is derived by taking into account the uncertainties of renewable energy, load forecasting, and different reserve products. Based on the coupling clearing model of spot markets for energy and reserve, the spot price formula considering ORDC is derived, and the high-order item of reserve price adder ignored by foreign existing mechanisms is analyzed. Through the verification of data from a province in East China, the results show that ORDC can reflect scarcity pricing, and the reserve price adders can dynamically reflect the real-time reserve capacity adequacy of the power system with fluctuations of renewables and loads. The proposed mechanism can increase the income of power plants through scarcity pricing, which is conducive to ensuring the adequacy of power system capacity.关键词：scarcity pricing;reserve price adder;operation reserve demand curve (ORDC);generation capacity adequacy;missing money3|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：In recent years, low-carbon transition of power systems and rapid promotion of electricity market-oriented reform in China have exposed some problems, typical one of which is that the thermal power enterprises, represented by coal-fired power, are generally suffering from large-scale losses, or even face the dilemma of bankruptcy and liquidation. This phenomenon is mainly caused by the large-scale renewable energy with zero marginal cost occupying the share of thermal power generation. At the same time, thermal power provides flexibility to ensure that the external costs generated by renewable energy consumption is not fully rewarded, and even some thermal power enterprises cannot continue to repay loans. As a result, it is urgent to establish a reasonable capacity payment mechanism to guarantee the recovery of external costs of thermal power units. Therefore, the current mainstream capacity payment mechanisms and their adaptability in China are firstly compared. Then, a bi-level programming model considering the phaseout of thermal power enterprises is proposed, and the influences of capacity payment prices on the decision-making and market operation of thermal power enterprises with different renewable energy penetration rates are analyzed, including the market clearing price and auxiliary service cost. Finally, case studies based on the IEEE 30-bus system and an actual provincial power grid validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results show that a reasonable capacity payment mechanism can effectively guarantee the income of thermal power enterprises, and encourage them to provide flexible services, so as to improve the overall economy and operation efficiency of the power system.关键词：capacity payment mechanism;market exit decision;flexibility;cost-benefit analysis;electricity market3|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The capacity mechanism is an important supplement to the development of the electricity spot market. The design of an efficient capacity compensation mechanism is an important measure to stabilize the operation of the spot market and the revenue of generator sets, and it promotes the adequacy of the power system. This paper first discusses the missing money problem in the spot market and the impact of the large-scale renewable energy on the spot market, and demonstrates the necessity of the capacity compensation mechanism. Then, the development status and recent effects of the main capacity compensation mechanisms (scarce electricity price, capacity subsidy and capacity market mechanism) are summarized. The implementation process, pricing method and key issues in the capacity subsidy mechanism design are discussed. The capacity market framework, market organization, key parameter design methods and related influencing factors are introduced. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for the development of capacity compensation mechanisms in China.关键词：spot market;missing money;capacity market;capacity subsidy3|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：One of the core issues in the connection between the medium- and long-term electricity market and the spot market is the reasonable decomposition of the medium- and long-term physical contract to the short-term time scale. In order to alleviate the drastic fluctuation of spot market price and promote the smooth operation of the market, a nonlinear programming model for the medium- and long-term contract energy decomposition is proposed considering the uniformization of the residue spot bidding space and the fairness of contracts decomposition among different cascade hydropower stations in each basin. The model takes into account the close hydraulic and electric connections between cascade hydropower stations and the execution requirements of the contract energy. The polynomial fitting technique is used to deal with the multi-variable coupling non-linear relationship in the model. A case study is carried out in the background of hydropower dominated Yunnan power market in Southwest China. The results show that the model can reasonably decompose the medium- and long-term transaction contracts of cascade hydropower stations in each basin and provide a balanced bidding space for the spot market.关键词：electricity market;contract decomposition;cascade hydropower station;medium- and long-term market;spot market;balanced bidding space;fairness3|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The decomposition of medium- and long-term contract is one of the key links in the electricity market. A fair and reasonable decomposition algorithm can not only effectively connect the spot market and medium- and long-term contracts, but also provide the guarantee for the safe and stable economic operation of the power system. As the generation units such as nuclear, hydropower, gas with different output characteristics participate in market transactions jointly, the contract decomposition method is faced with many practical problems that need to be studied urgently such as output characteristics of differentiated units, maintenance scheduling and market power risk reduction. In this paper, a joint decomposition algorithm of contracts for different types of units considering market power test is proposed. First, by analyzing the operation characteristics of different types of units, the decomposition principles for nuclear, hydropower, gas and coal units are designed. Then, based on the principle of the priority of operation modes, a joint decomposition model of contract considering the maintenance scheduling of sets and output characteristics of various units on the generation side is established. Finally, in order to avoid the abuse of the market power of units, the rationality of the contract decomposition result is checked with the index of “must-run generation (MRG)”. A case of modified IEEE 24-bus system with load characteristics of a province in east China shows that the proposed algorithm has advantages in adaption to operation characteristics of various units and suppression of market power.关键词：electricity market;contract decomposition;market power;operation characteristic of generation unit3|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Scientific and reasonable electricity prices are crucial to resource allocation in electricity market. As the common used marginal price formulation, the electricity price is generally formulated as a linear function of the dual multiplier. Based on the basic pricing principle, the physical meaning of the electricity price is clarified, and the internal relationship between the electricity price derived from the marginal pricing principle and the price of system scarce resources is explained. The rationality of the proposed electricity price formulation is also proven. On this basis, a unified expression for electricity price with expandability is extended to a non-linear function electricity price formulation. A pricing model that regards the electricity prices as operational variables is established, and the practical value of the proposed electricity price method is demonstrated in typical application scenarios of price spikes caused by the line violation through the IEEE 30-bus system and Polish 2383-bus system examples.关键词：electricity market;pricing mechanism;locational marginal price;incentive compatibility;market surplus4|4|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：This paper analyzes the difficulty of accurately calculating the load deviation of power generation and consumption and system loss in market clearing and calculation of locational marginal price (LMP) in China. First, two kinds of LMP calculation models are proposed, which are both involved in the methods of allocating the network loss by using loss distribution factors and allocating load deviation by using load deviation distribution factors. The accurate calculation of system network loss and load deviation is realized. Then, the iteration-based LMP model uses the bus load as the initial point to prepare a power generation plan. After each round of solution, the deviation between the total generation and the system load is allocated to all nodes to correct their loads. The LMP is solved by multiple iterations. The two-stage LMP model establishes a coupling model that considers the system network loss and load deviation based on the system load. In the first stage, the load deviation is calculated. In the second stage, the deviation is kept constant to calculate the LMP. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by comparing the LMP of the proposed method and the direct allocation method of network loss, and analyzing the influence of different load deviation levels and load deviation distribution factors on the LMP.关键词：locational marginal price (LMP);network loss;load deviation;network loss distribution factor;load deviation distribution factor3|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The start-up cost of the unit causes its production function having complex structural characteristics such as non-convex and discontinuity, which makes the traditional locational marginal pricing mode designed only for the real-time electricity market have many market loopholes. The convex hull pricing mode (also known as extended locational marginal pricing) overcomes the challenges brought by the complex characteristics of the production function and improves market efficiency by providing the lowest uplift payment for the units in the system, but its convex hull pricing mode is still incomplete. The paper focuses on a simplified model in the convex hull pricing mode, analyzes the potential market manipulation behaviors and manipulation capabilities of market participants in the simplified model, and proposes an index to quantify market power, which is supermodular in the simplified model.关键词：convex hull pricing mode;market power;uplift payment;incentive design4|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：In the early stage of the construction of electricity spot markets, identifying the collusion bidding of generators is an important link to effectively prevent the actual occurrence of collusion behaviors of power producers. Based on the market sharing, the generators are classified into Cartel-type generators and competitive-type generators. For the Cartel-type generators, a method of collusion bidding based on ordered Logit model is proposed. Firstly, based on the game theory, the factors affecting the bidding of generators are analyzed, and the bidding regression equation of generators is constructed. Then, the Chow test is used to determine whether there is a difference in the degree of the influence of the bidding influence factors on the bidding behaviors of Cartel-type generators and competitive-type generators. If there is a difference, the ordered Logit model of Cartel-type generators is established, and the likelihood ratio test is used to determine whether there is a difference between the high-priced sequence and the low-price sequence of the Cartel-type generators, thereby demonstrating the possibility of collusion bidding of Cartel-type generators. Finally, the proposed method is applied to an electricity spot market in a region, and the case study results show that at a significance level of 5%, which means a possibility of collusion bidding of Cartel-type generators.关键词：electricity spot market;collusion bidding;ordered Logit model;Chow test;likelihood ratio test3|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The electricity market system based on locational marginal price (LMP) usually establishes a financial transmission right (FTR) market, which provides market members with financial tools to avoid spatial price risks. In the early stage of market construction, the user side of the Guangdong power spot market of China conducts settlement with the electricity price mechanism of unified settlement point, which may cause the risk of unbalanced funds in the settlement process when compared with the FTR market with the traditional LMP mechanism. To this end, the similarities and differences of the FTR settlement are compared and analyzed with the two mechanisms of traditional LMP and unified settlement point electricity price, and a mathematical model of FTR settlement is constructed. Then, the difference in FTR return with the two electricity price mechanisms is theoretically derived, and the FTR transaction simulation and simultaneous feasibility test method are proposed. The FTR transaction simulation is carried out based on the IEEE 30-bus system; the reasons for the formation of the FTR return difference with the two electricity price mechanisms are analyzed; and the risk of imbalance of transaction revenue and expenditure in the FTR market is evaluated and analyzed; Finally, relevant suggestions are put forward for the construction of the FTR market with the unified settlement point electricity price mechanism.关键词：financial transmission right (FTR);spot market;electricity market settlement;locational marginal price (LMP);electricity price of unified settlement point3|2|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：In the electricity spot market using the locational marginal price, the congestion component of locational marginal price reflects the congestion cost of lines and cross sections, which encourages the market entities to participate in the congestion management. In addition to forming reasonable and accurate price signals, it is an important link of congestion management to establish an effective congestion risk management mechanism. Considering the actual characteristics and demands of current electricity spot markets in China, the settlement right transaction mechanism for the congestion risk management is proposed. The power plant can trade the settlement right to a specific power quantity with other power plants and consumers, and then it can acquire the settlement right in a specific electricity price to hedge against congestion risks of settling with the locational marginal price. Compared to the mature electricity spot markets at foreign countries, where mechanisms such as financial transmission right transaction are established from the perspective of managing the uncertainties in refunding of congestion surplus, the settlement right transaction mechanism is derived from the view of addressing the uncertainties in congestion charges, which realizes the reallocation of congestion risks between the two trading parties. This settlement right transaction mechanism is more suitable for the current electricity spot market in China, which has characteristics such as the sequential settlement of medium- and long-term contract trading and spot market trading, the delivery node of medium- and long-term contract transactions being uniquely set at the demand-side unified settlement node, and the suppliers confronting with greater congestion risks. Case studies further verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the settlement right transaction mechanism.关键词：electricity spot market;settlement right transaction;congestion management;financial transmission right;demand-side unified settlement node3|4|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The electricity market is a typical imperfectly competitive market where power suppliers can increase their profits through strategic bidding. Existing research on bidding strategies for power suppliers usually assumes that the power suppliers can use sufficient market information, which is often not true if the market is just launched. To solve the bidding problem of power suppliers in the incomplete information environment, this paper proposes an improved reinforcement learning automata algorithm. This method requires little external information, and is easy to implement. In addition, this paper models the process of power supplier bidding and market clearing as a repeated game rather than the widely used Markov game, which avoids the strong assumption that Markov game requires time correlation between system states. Finally, the example result verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.关键词：electricity market;incomplete information;reinforcement learning automata;repeated game;artificial intelligence3|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：To deal with the bidding decision-making issues of combined heat and power (CHP) plants with multiple types of coal-fired CHP units and various heat and power decoupling equipment in day-ahead spot markets, a heat-power step-by-step decision-making bidding model is proposed for a plant acting as a price taker. First, the optimal day-ahead power output of the CHP plants and the operation plan of heat and power decoupling equipment are determined based on the forecasting day-ahead prices. Then, the generation power ranges of CHP plants in each time period of the next day are determined according to the regulation capability of CHP units. A stepwise quotation curve is constructed. Finally,taking a typical CHP plant in northern China as an example, the effectiveness of the heat-power step-by-step bidding model is verified based on the clearing prices of three typical scenarios in a pilot spot market. Meanwhile, simulation results show that the day-ahead spot market cannot provide sufficient economic incentives for the operation flexibility improvement and renovation of CHP plants.关键词：combined heat and power plant;day-ahead spot market;heat and power decoupling;operation flexibility improvement3|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Demand-side resources have the potential to mitigate short-term power imbalances in the system through their flexibility, but they also face the challenge of the electricity consumption uncertainty. This paper deals with the electricity consumption uncertainty and frequency regulation demand on the user side. Taking an aggregator with electric vehicles and temperature-controlled loads as an example, a reserve optimization and real-time scheduling model participating in frequency regulation ancillary services is established. In the day-ahead market, reporting stage risk cost of real-time operation is evaluated based on the power space, which realizes the joint optimization of energy and reserve. In the real-time control stage, the power of each user is allocated based on the power space, which improves the adjustment ability of aggregators to respond to the system power while meeting power demand. The simulation analysis verifies the feasibility of joint scheduling with different load aggregations for joint scheduling, and the effect of the load aggregation in mutual power support and overall operation efficiency improvement.关键词：flexible resource;ancillary service;electric vehicle;temperature-controlled load;risk analysis3|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Renewable portfolio standards have been promoted in parallel with the construction of electricity spot markets. The actual accomodation of renewable energy power will become the main way for power users to fulfill the assessment requirements of renewable portfolio standards, and renewable energy power will gradually participate in the electricity spot market transactions. Based on the above framework, a bilevel optimization decision model of multi-entity including the renewable energy day-ahead market, conventional energy day-ahead market, and real-time market is established under the renewable portfolio standards, and it is transformed to a mixed-integer linear programming model to solve the market equilibrium through Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, strong duality theorem, binary expansion method, etc. Case study explores the impact of assessment weight indicators, green certificate prices, and penetration rate of renewable energy power on the market equilibrium. The results show that at the market equilibrium, the day-ahead market clearing price of renewable energy electricity is equal to that of conventional energy plus the green certificate price, and with the increase in the power penetration rate of renewable energy, the clearing price of the eletricity spot market showes a downward trend.关键词：renewable portfolio standard;electricity spot market;bi-level optimization decision model;green certificate;mixed-integer linear programming3|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Data clearing in the electricity spot market has the characteristics of large-scale data, complex business processing and high timeliness requirement. In order to solve the outstanding problems faced by the clearing system in the spot market, this paper proposes a clearing method based on the general settlement data model. Through the establishment of the data model of multidimensional cube, the unified modeling of complex dimensional data is realized, and then the operator base is further established to realize the conversion between models and the flexible calculation of clearing. Finally, the column data warehouse is established, and the high-performance clearing of electricity trading is realized through column calculation and column comparison. The software developed using the proposed method has been applied to the pilot provincial spot market, and the actual operation proves that the method is effective and reliable.关键词：spot market;sandbox technology;data model;column store;clearing method3|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：With the promotion of a new round of power system reform of China, the construction of technical support system in the electricity spot market is urgent. The construction of application functions in the spot market is particularly important for the normal operation of electricity spot markets and the safe and stable operation of power grids. Firstly, this paper analyzes the relationship between electricity spot market operation and power grid dispatching operation, as well as the current situation of power dispatching automation systems. Secondly, the research on the technical scheme of technical support system in the electricity spot market is carried out, comprehensively considering the differences of spot market development in the Chinese pilot provinces, and the construction ideas and goal of electricity spot market subsystem based on dispatching automation systems are put forward. The construction technology scheme is mainly introduced from the aspects of software, hardware, security protection and platform integration. Thirdly, the key technologies such as clearing algorithm, security protection, market monitoring and analysis, simulation, and dual-active system data synchronization are discussed. Finally, the effectiveness of system construction is analyzed. The proposed technical architecture can adapt to the operation demands of the electricity spot market, and provides a reference for the follow-up research and construction of technical support system in the provincial electricity spot market.关键词：electricity spot market;dispatching automation system;data exchange;network security protection3|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：With the continuous deepening and promotion of electric power system reform in China, the southern China (starting from Guangdong province) electricity spot market has carried out three settlement trial operations in 2019, accumulating a large amount of operation data. It is urgent to establish a trial operation analysis system and deeply explore the operation rules of the spot market. Based on the market analysis model of industrial organization theory, this paper constructs an operation analysis system suitable for “plan+market” from the perspectives of market structure, market behavior and market performance, and makes an in-depth analysis from the aspects of market concentration, change of boundary conditions, adjustment of quotation strategy of market entities, marginal unit distribution and market price. It is concluded that the trial operation has the following characteristics: the market structure is characterized by low oligopoly; the market units are quoted according to the cost as a whole; and the market price can basically reflect the changes of supply and demand. Finally, some suggestions are put forward, such as strengthening the market power supervision, improving the cost subsidy mechanism on power supply side, and deregulation of the proportion of spot and medium- and long-term contracts in an orderly and reasonable way.关键词：electricity market;spot market;market analysis;industrial organization theory3|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
Special Topic on Key Technologies for Construction and Operation of Electricity Spot Market
- 摘要：The offshore wind power fluctuates greatly, which causes that the current-carrying and temperature variation of submarine cables are asynchronous significantly (the thermal inertia), and the short-term current-carrying potential remains to be explored. In this regard, an assessment method is proposed for the acceptable installed capacity of offshore wind farms considering the thermal characteristics of cables. The method assesses the acceptable installed capacity in the case of fully considering the short-term current-carrying capacity of the cable. Firstly, a simulation method of wind power time series is proposed based on the probability distribution of offshore wind power and its rate of change. Then, combined with the heat balance model and the life loss model of cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated cables, the decision model for the installed capacity of offshore wind farms is established and solved by the heuristic method to maximize the installed capacity of offshore wind farms, which takes the allowable life loss of cables within its design life as the constraint. The simulation results show that the method can effectively increase the acceptable installed capacity of offshore wind farms, and improve the utilization rate of submarine cables and the investment income of offshore wind power transmission projects.关键词：power system;offshore wind power;installed capacity assessment;submarine cable;thermal characteristic4|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：Aiming at the problems that the current distributed trading market does not fully consider the energy consumption characteristics of end users, and the game relationship between market entities still needs to be further explored, this paper proposes a peer-to-peer (P2P) trading method of multiple microgrids considering the characteristics of smart buildings. Firstly, taking smart buildings as the end load carrier, this paper proposes a new building resistance-capacity (R-C) thermal balance model and constructs an autonomous scheduling model for the market entities, i.e., the microgrids. Secondly, the non-cooperative game model and the Stackelberg game model are used to analyze the game relationship among sellers and the game relationship between sellers and buyers in the P2P transaction process, which improves the analysis of the game relationship between the links in the P2P transaction. Finally, through the practical cases, the influence of end energy consumption characteristics on the microgrid economic scheduling and P2P transactions is analyzed, and the economic and technical benefits of P2P transactions on the operation of microgrids are quantitatively analyzed by using specific indices. The influence of P2P transactions on distribution network operation is also analyzed.关键词：multiple microgrids;thermal resistance-capacity model;peer-to-peer (P2P) transaction;non-cooperative game;Stackelberg game3|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：The scale of air-conditioning load in the distribution network is rapidly increasing with the improvement of living level. Furthermore, the buildings equipped with air conditioners have the capability of thermal buffer, which makes it valuable for participating in demand-side response. In the meanwhile, the penetration rate of distributed photovoltaic (PV) power generation in the distribution network is gradually increasing. The fluctuations of PV power generation have a negative impact on the voltage stability of the distribution network. This paper proposes a distributed consensus-driven control method. The aggregated air-conditioning load is scheduled to participate in the voltage management of the distribution network through the limited communication links established between the aggregators. A two-dimensional thermal parameter model is adopted to calculate the thermal exchange of the buildings equipped with air conditioners more accurately to guarantee the thermal comfort requirement of users. Finally, the case studies are performed on a modified IEEE 15-bus distribution network to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control strategy.关键词：air-conditioning load;distributed control;voltage management;distributed photovoltaic (PV) power generation;active distribution network3|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：In order to solve the problem of clock drift of meters and identification signal crosstalk of common neutral line in the distribution station area during the identification of relationship between household transformers by high-speed power line carrier (HPLC), an identification method for the relationship between household transformers based on discrete Frechet distance is proposed. Firstly, the identification method for the relationship between household transformers in the distribution station area is constructed. At the moment of voltage zero crossing, the improved identification signal of multicarrier frequency regulation characteristic is superimposed on the low-voltage line to identify the relationship between household transformers. Secondly, the cleaning method for the identification characteristic data is constructed to eliminate the influence of the time axis offset in the identification characteristic data on the identification of relationship between household transformers. Thirdly, the verification method for the relationship between household transformers is constructed. The discrete Frechet distance is used to compare the voltage curve similarity between meters, so as to form accurate relationship between household transformers. The distribution matrix of relationship between household transformers from near to far in the distribution station area is then established. Finally, the actual application results of a distribution Internet of Things demonstration area in Sichuan Province, China show that the proposed method is more accurate than HPLC in the identification of relationship between household transformers.关键词：discrete Frechet distance;relationship between household transformers;time axis offset;multicarrier frequency regulation;high-speed power line carrier (HPLC)3|0|0更新时间：2025-06-16
- 摘要：In order to maximize the consequences of attacks, the attackers supported by their nations can launch highly concealed cyber-attack using time-synchronized coordination mechanism without communication, which could trip all circuit breakers within multiple substations at the same time to trigger catastrophic blackout. A time acceleration based approach is proposed to detect the time-synchronized coordinated cyber-attack. During the annual maintenance of substation automation system (SAS), the system time is accelerated one by one to identify whether there are underlying malwares by triggering time logic. Moreover, an approach of time-asynchronized synchronization management based on SAS is proposed. The time of a few key substations that are identified with structural vulnerability index can be kept asynchronized. Therefore, these key substations will not suffer time-synchronized coordinated cyber-attack together with the other substations and the corresponding consequence could be greatly reduced. IEEE 39-bus system based numerical simulation indicates that by keeping 2 key substations time-asynchronized, load loss of coordinated cyber-attack of 2 to 3 substations can be reduced significantly, and the power grid can be resilient against time-synchronized coordinated cyber-attack.关键词：substation automation system (SAS);cyber security;coordinated cyber-attack;synchronization clock;time-asynchronized synchronization management3|1|0更新时间：2025-06-16
Basic Research
- Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09064830号-19
京公网安备11010802024621 - It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
- Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.
0