Optimal Capacity Allocation Method for Charging Stations Considering Correlation of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Loads

TAO Wen; XU Xiaoyuan; YAN Zheng; BU Qiangsheng

doi:10.7500/AEPS20250717001

English Version Journal Login

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Optimal Capacity Allocation Method for Charging Stations Considering Correlation of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Loads

更新时间：2026-11-02

- Optimal Capacity Allocation Method for Charging Stations Considering Correlation of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Loads
- Automation of Electric Power Systems Pages: 1-18(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.上海交通大学电气工程学院，上海市 200240
  2.国网江苏省电力公司电力科学研究院，江苏省南京市 211103
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  Key Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(23DZ1201202)
- DOI：10.7500/AEPS20250717001
  CLC：
- Received：17 July 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-01-12，
  
  Online First：04 June 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
陶雯,徐潇源,严正等.考虑电动汽车充电站负荷相关性的充电站容量优化分配方法[J/OL].电力系统自动化, http://dx.doi.org/10.7500/AEPS20250717001.

TAO Wen,XU Xiaoyuan,YAN Zheng,et al.Optimal Capacity Allocation Method for Charging Stations Considering Correlation of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Loads[J/OL].Automation of Electric Power Systems, http://dx.doi.org/10.7500/AEPS20250717001.
陶雯,徐潇源,严正等.考虑电动汽车充电站负荷相关性的充电站容量优化分配方法[J/OL].电力系统自动化, http://dx.doi.org/10.7500/AEPS20250717001. DOI：

TAO Wen,XU Xiaoyuan,YAN Zheng,et al.Optimal Capacity Allocation Method for Charging Stations Considering Correlation of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Loads[J/OL].Automation of Electric Power Systems, http://dx.doi.org/10.7500/AEPS20250717001. DOI：

摘要

在电动汽车充电站容量优化配置研究中，现有工作存在充电负荷不确定性表征保守和运行阶段充电站容量分配不足的问题。为此，文中提出考虑电动汽车充电站负荷相关性的充电站容量优化分配方法。首先，采用顶点连接算法构建充电负荷多面体不确定集，刻画不同充电站负荷变化的相关性，降低不确定集的保守性。然后，为了根据配电网运行约束分配充电站容量，引入充电站容量削减系数作为决策变量限制容量，建立充电负荷的决策依赖不确定性模型以及充电站容量优化分配的决策依赖鲁棒优化问题。最后，采用改进Benders分解算法与KKT条件求解优化问题，获得各个充电站容量分配方案。仿真结果表明，考虑充电负荷相关性使得充电站容量配置提升了4.29%，配电网运行成本降低了11.6%；同比削减容量策略避免了自由削减策略中不同充电站容量削减比例差超过30%的情况，为充电站运营提供了公平方案；差异受限的自由削减策略可在约束站间削减差异的前提下进一步降低成本，在经济性与公平性之间实现平衡。

Abstract

In the research on optimal capacity allocation of electric vehicle charging stations

existing studies suffer from conservative characterization of charging load uncertainty and inadequate capacity allocation of charging stations during the operation stage. To address these issues

this paper proposes an optimal capacity allocation method for charging stations considering the correlation of electric vehicle charging station loads. First

the vertex link algorithm is adopted to construct a polyhedral uncertainty set of charging loads

which characterizes the correlation of load variations among different charging stations and reduces the conservativeness of the uncertainty set. Second

to allocate charging station capacity subject to distribution network operation constraints

a capacity curtailment coefficient of charging stations is introduced as a decision variable to limit capacity. A decision dependent uncertainty model of charging loads and a decision dependent robust optimization problem for optimal capacity allocation of charging stations are established. Finally

the improved Benders decomposition algorithm and KKT (Karush-Kuhn-Tucker) conditions are used to solve the optimization problem and obtain the capacity allocation scheme for each charging station. Simulation results demonstrate that considering charging load correlation increases the capacity allocation of charging stations by 4.29% and reduces the operation cost of the distribution network by 11.6%. Compared with the free curtailment strategy

the proportional capacity curtailment strategy avoids the scenario where the difference in capacity reduction ratios among different charging stations exceeds 30%

providing a fair scheme for charging station operation. The free curtailment strategy with bounded differences can further reduce costs while constraining the inter-station curtailment discrepancy

achieving a balance between economy and fairness.

关键词

Keywords

references

国务院关于印发2030年前碳达峰行动方案的通知［EB/OL］.［ 2024-08-27 ］. http：//www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-10/26/content_5644984.htm http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-10/26/content_5644984.htm .

Notice of the State Council on issuing the action plan for carbon peak before 2030 ［EB/OL］. ［ 2024-08-27 ］. http：//www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-10/26/content_5644984.htm http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-10/26/content_5644984.htm .

国务院办公厅关于印发新能源汽车产业发展规划（ 2021 — 2035 年）的通知［EB/OL］.［ 2024-08-27 ］. http：//www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-11/02/content_5556716.htm http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-11/02/content_5556716.htm .

Notice of the General Office of the State Council on issuing the development plan for new energy vehicle industry （ 2021 — 2035 ）［EB/OL］. ［ 2024-08-27 ］. http：//www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-11/02/content_5556716.htm http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-11/02/content_5556716.htm .

胡泽春，邵成成，何方，等 . 电网与交通网耦合的设施规划与运行优化研究综述及展望［J］. 电力系统自动化， 2022 ， 46 （ 12 ）： 3 - 19 .

Hu Zechun ， Shao Chengcheng ， He Fang ， et al . Review and prospect of research on facility planning and optimal operation for coupled power and transportation networks ［J］. Automation of Electric Power Systems ， 2022 ， 46 （ 12 ）： 3 - 19 .

杨蒙，陈玥，徐潇源，等 . 电力-交通融合研究综述：模型、算法与关键问题［J］. 电力系统自动化， 2025 ， 49 （ 9 ）： 1 - 16 .

Yang Meng ， Chen Yue ， Xu Xiaoyuan ， et al . Review on research of power-transportation fusion： models， algorithms and key issues ［J］. Automation of Electric Power Systems ， 2025 ， 49 （ 9 ）： 1 - 16 .

王海鑫，袁佳慧，陈哲，等 . 智慧城市车-站-网一体化运行关键技术研究综述及展望［J］. 电工技术学报， 2022 ， 37 （ 1 ）： 112 - 132 .

Wang Haixin ， Yuan Jiahui ， Chen Zhe ， et al . Review and prospect of key techniques for vehicle-station-network integrated operation in smart city ［J］. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society ， 2022 ， 37 （ 1 ）： 112 - 132 .

Yi T ， Cheng X B ， Peng P . Two-stage optimal allocation of charging stations based on spatiotemporal complementarity and demand response： a framework based on MCS and DBPSO ［J］. Energy ， 2022 ， 239 ： 122261 .

Zhang M Z ， Li W D ， Yu S S ， et al . A unified configurational optimization framework for battery swapping and charging stations considering electric vehicle uncertainty ［J］. Energy ， 2021 ， 218 ： 119536 .

陈红坤，夏方舟，袁栋，等 . 直流配电网中含光伏的电动汽车快速充电站优化配置方案［J］. 电力系统自动化， 2020 ， 44 （ 16 ）： 53 - 60 .

Chen Hongkun ， Xia Fangzhou ， Yuan Dong ， et al . Optimal configuration scheme of fast electric vehicle charging station with photovoltaic in DC distribution network ［J］. Automation of Electric Power Systems ， 2020 ， 44 （ 16 ）： 53 - 60 .

钱科军，谢鹰，张新松，等 . 考虑充电负荷随机特性的电动汽车充电网络模糊多目标规划［J］. 电网技术， 2020 ， 44 （ 11 ）： 4404 - 4414 .

Qian Kejun ， Xie Ying ， Zhang Xinsong ， et al . Fuzzy multi-objective optimization of electric vehicle charging network with stochastic characters of charging load ［J］. Power System Technology ， 2020 ， 44 （ 11 ）： 4404 - 4414 .

Zhou G Y ， Zhu Z W ， Luo S M . Location optimization of electric vehicle charging stations： Based on cost model and genetic algorithm ［J］. Energy ， 2022 ， 247 ： 123437 .

Ehsan A ， Yang Q . Active distribution system reinforcement planning with EV charging stations Part Ⅰ： uncertainty modeling and problem formulation ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy ， 2020 ， 11 （ 2 ）： 970 - 978 .

Dong H Q ， Wang L Y ， Wei X ， et al . Capacity planning and pricing design of charging station considering the uncertainty of user behavior ［J］. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems ， 2021 ， 125 ： 106521 .

Li C Z ， Zhang L B ， Ou Z H ， et al . Robust model of electric vehicle charging station location considering renewable energy and storage equipment ［J］. Energy ， 2022 ， 238 ： 121713 .

Cui Y ， Hu Z C ， Duan X Y . Optimal pricing of public electric vehicle charging stations considering operations of coupled transportation and power systems ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid ， 2021 ， 12 （ 4 ）： 3278 - 3288 .

蔡海青，代伟，赵静怡，等 . 基于多参数规划的电动汽车充电站有效容量评估方法［J］. 中国电力， 2022 ， 55 （ 11 ）： 175 - 183 .

Cai Haiqing ， Dai Wei ， Zhao Jingyi ， et al . Available capacity evaluation method of electric vehicle charging stations based on multi-parametric programming ［J］. Electric Power ， 2022 ， 55 （ 11 ）： 175 - 183 .

曹佳晨，张沈习，张璐，等 . 考虑交通流的柔性互联配电网电动汽车承载能力计算方法［J］. 电力系统自动化， 2025 ， 49 （ 5 ）： 24 - 37 .

Cao Jiachen ， Zhang Shenxi ， Zhang Lu ， et al . Calculation method for electric vehicle hosting capacity of flexibly interconnected distribution network considering traffic flow ［J］. Automation of Electric Power Systems ， 2025 ， 49 （ 5 ）： 24 - 37 .

李怡然 . 电动汽车规模化接入配电网的承载能力评估与优化调度策略［D］. 成都：四川大学， 2021 .

Li Yiran . Carrying capacity evaluation and optimized scheduling strategy for large-scale access of electric vehicles to distribution network ［D］. Chengdu ： Sichuan University ， 2021 .

Shao C C ， Wang X F ， Shahidehpour M ， et al . Security-constrained unit commitment with flexible uncertainty set for variable wind power ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy ， 2017 ， 8 （ 3 ）： 1237 - 1246 .

Ye H X ， Ge Y Y ， Shahidehpour M ， et al . Uncertainty marginal price， transmission reserve， and day-ahead market clearing with robust unit commitment ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems ， 2017 ， 32 （ 3 ）： 1782 - 1795 .

Li K ， Shao C C ， Shahidehpour M ， et al . A capacity-based regulation method for coordinating electric vehicle charging flows in coupled distribution and transportation networks ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid ， 2024 ， 15 （ 3 ）： 3066 - 3079 .

Li K ， Shao C C ， Huang X ， et al . Day-ahead charging capacity market for power distribution network with electric vehicle charging stations ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems ， 2025 ， 40 （ 3 ）： 2258 - 2271 .

Li Y M ， Wang K K ， Gao B T ， et al . Interval optimization based operational strategy of integrated energy system under renewable energy resources and loads uncertainties ［J］. International Journal of Energy Research ， 2021 ， 45 （ 2 ）： 3142 - 3156 .

Garcia-Torres F ， Bordons C ， Tobajas J ， et al . Stochastic optimization of microgrids with hybrid energy storage systems for grid flexibility services considering energy forecast uncertainties ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems ， 2021 ， 36 （ 6 ）： 5537 - 5547 .

石锦凯，鲍谚，陈振，等 . 计及充电负荷不确定性的充电站储能鲁棒优化配置方法［J］. 电力系统自动化， 2021 ， 45 （ 20 ）： 49 - 58 .

Shi Jinkai ， Bao Yan ， Chen Zhen ， et al . Robust optimization configuration method of energy storage for charging stations considering charging load uncertainty ［J］. Automation of Electric Power Systems ， 2021 ， 45 （ 20 ）： 49 - 58 .

Wang Z Z ， Wu F ， Li Y ， et al . Day-ahead dispatch approach for cascaded hydropower-photovoltaic complementary system based on two-stage robust optimization ［J］. Energy ， 2023 ， 265 ： 126145 .

随权，林湘宁，童宁，等 . 基于改进两阶段鲁棒优化的主动配电网经济调度［J］. 中国电机工程学报， 2020 ， 40 （ 7 ）： 2166 - 2179 .

Sui Quan ， Lin Xiangning ， Tong Ning ， et al . Economic dispatch of active distribution network based on improved two-stage robust optimization ［J］. Proceedings of the CSEE ， 2020 ， 40 （ 7 ）： 2166 - 2179 .

Li Y L ， Sun W ， Yin W Q ， et al . Restoration strategy for active distribution systems considering endogenous uncertainty in cold load pickup ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid ， 2022 ， 13 （ 4 ）： 2690 - 2702 .

Su Y F ， Liu F ， Wang Z J ， et al . Multi-stage robust dispatch considering demand response under decision-dependent uncertainty ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid ， 2023 ， 14 （ 4 ）： 2786 - 2797 .

Wang Y J ， Li X L ， Alhazmi M ， et al . Optimizing wireless dynamic charging infrastructure for electric vehicles： a predictive and adaptive framework leveraging decision-dependent uncertainties and renewable energy utilization ［J］. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems ， 2025 ， 171 ： 111000 .

Kong W L ， Ye H X ， Ge Y Y . Robust price-based EV load management considering human-choice uncertainty ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification ， 2025 ， 11 （ 1 ）： 29 - 41 .

Yin W Q ， Zhuang K ， Fan P C ， et al . Resilient unit commitment against extreme cold events considering decision-dependent uncertainty-featured EV demand response ［J］. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems ， 2025 ， 167 ： 110552 .

Wang J X ， Wang Z J ， Xu Q W ， et al . V2G regulation in distribution networks with decision-dependent uncertainties： a chance-constrained learning method ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification ， 2026 ， 12 （ 1 ）： 1517 - 1531 .

Li Y J ， Qiu F ， Chen Y X ， et al . Adaptive distributionally robust planning for renewable-powered fast charging stations under decision-dependent EV diffusion uncertainty ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid ， 2024 ， 15 （ 6 ）： 5853 - 5870 .

Duan J T ， Li Y Z ， Li Y ， et al . Statistical feasibility robust optimization with polyhedron uncertainty set for hydrogen-data center microgrid operations ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering ， 2025 ， 22 ： 9884 - 9902 .

Davidson K B . The theoretical basis of a flow-travel time relationship for use in transportation planning ［J］. Australian Road Research ， 1978 ， 8 ： 32 - 35 .

GB 50966—2014 电动汽车充电站设计规范［S］.

GB 50966—2014 Design code for electric vehicle charging station ［S］.

DB14/T 3146—2024 居住区电动汽车充电供配电设施建设规范［S］.

DB14/T 3146—2024 Specifications for the construction of electric vehicle charging and power supply facilities in residential areas ［S］.

中国建筑标准设计研究院 . 电动汽车充电基础设施设计与安装：18D705-2 ［M］. 北京：中国建筑标准设计研究院， 2018 .

China Institute of Building Standard Design & Research . Design and installation of electric vehicle charging infrastructure：18D705-2 ［M］. Beijing ： China Institute of Building Standard Design & Research ， 2018 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Pre-layout and Dynamic Scheduling Strategy of Mobile Energy Storage for Resilience Enhancement of Distribution Network

Analysis on Probabilistic Joint Flow for Transportation Network and Distribution Network Considering Multiple Uncertainties of Road-Vehicle-Source-Load

Power Supply Restoration Strategy for Distribution Network Based on Robust Model Prediction Control

Integrated Clearing Method for Inter-provincial and Intra-provincial Medium- and Long-term Centralized Bidding Transactions

Suppression Strategy of High-frequency Oscillation for DFIG Grid-connected System Based on Stator Voltage Feedforward Compensation

Related Author

Yuehan WANG

Wenxia LIU

Qi YAO

Haiyang WAN

Jian HE

Xuejun XIONG

Xiaotao FANG

Zheng YAN

Related Institution

School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University

China Electric Power Research Institute

State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company

Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion, Ministry of Education(Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

AI问答

⁰